干旱區(qū)露天煤礦揚(yáng)塵排放特征及其對(duì)周邊植物的影響.pdf

1、碩士研究生學(xué)位論文 新 疆 大 學(xué) 論文題目(中文)：干旱區(qū)露天煤礦揚(yáng)塵排放特征及其對(duì)周邊植物的影響 論文題目(外文)：論文題目(中文)：干旱區(qū)露天煤礦揚(yáng)塵排放特征及其對(duì)周邊植物的影響 論文題目(外文)：The opencast mine dust characteristics in arid land and its impact on the surrounding plants 研究生姓名： 劉巍 學(xué)科、專業(yè)： 生態(tài)學(xué)

2、研 究 方 向： 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及全球變化生態(tài)學(xué)研究生姓名： 劉巍 學(xué)科、專業(yè)： 生態(tài)學(xué) 研 究 方 向： 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)及全球變化生態(tài)學(xué) 導(dǎo)師姓名職稱： 楊建軍 副教授 導(dǎo)師姓名職稱： 楊建軍 副教授 論文答辯日期 2017 年 5 月 27 日 學(xué)位授予日期 年 月 日 II Abstract The opencast mine of East Junggar Basin in Xinjiang is the

3、 largest self-contained coalfield in China, and the ecological environment of the opencast is very fragile because of its arid climate and poor soil. In this paper, opencast coal mine of Shenhua (M1), Red Sand Springs co

4、al mine (M2), Dacheng coal mine (M3) were selected as the main research objects, the pollution of dust produced in coal yards and dumps and paved road (R1) and unpaved road (R2) in coal field were analyzed to determine t

5、he dust mount by empirical formula. The diffusion rules of dust in coal field and road has been simulated with Gaussian plume diffusion model, and PM2.5、PM10 were used to verify the dust diffusion rules, meanwhile, PM2.5

6、、PM10 and few meteorological elements data were collected at 52 points in study area, to excogitate the spatial distribution characteristics and time evolution rule of dust and its influence factors. In addition, control

7、led experiment of coal ash for plants surrounding coal field were used to explore the current environmental pollution by open pit mining, therefore, the variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn, μmolCO2?m-2?s-1), stomata

8、l conductance (Gs, molH2O?m-2?s-1), intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci, μmolCO2?m-2?s-1) and transpiration rate (Tr, mmolH2O?m-2?s-1) of contaminated plants were measured by photosynthesis meter. The results showed tha

9、t: Amount of raised dust from coal yard is higher than that in dump, and the wind speed is an important factor affecting the dust in addition to the water content and area. The dust on the paved roads and unpaved roads i

10、s 14.02 kg·km-1·car-1 and 42.35 kg·km-1·car-1 respectively. The high material volume is a direct factor leading to high road dusting, and road conditions and vehicle driving conditions contribute to t

11、he accurate estimation of road dust. The turbulence has an important influence on the dust diffusion. In terms of the Gaussian diffusion model, the effective altitude of the pollution source is the root cause of the inco

12、nsistency between the dump field and the coal yard in the diffusion law. There are different diffusion law of dust between paved road and unpaved road, wind speed, road and wind angle is the result of this difference. Hi