新裝居室室內(nèi)空氣污染與健康效應(yīng)的研究.pdf

1、目的:探討裝飾材料中主要有害物質(zhì)甲醛及苯系物對(duì)室內(nèi)空氣的污染及健康效應(yīng).方法:在太原市6個(gè)城區(qū)選擇建筑規(guī)模與房間布局相近的351戶616名留居者進(jìn)行不良建筑物綜合征(Sick building syndrome)的問卷調(diào)查,并隨機(jī)抽取其中95戶裝修2年內(nèi)和20戶裝修五年以上家庭的居室進(jìn)行室內(nèi)空氣中甲醛、苯、甲苯、乙苯、(對(duì)、間、鄰)二甲苯含量的測(cè)定.裝修組根據(jù)竣工時(shí)間不同,分為3個(gè)月內(nèi)、3~6月、6~9月、9~12月、12~24月共5個(gè)

2、組.甲醛用乙酰丙酮分光光度法測(cè)定,苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯用氣相色譜-二硫化碳解吸法測(cè)定.結(jié)果:1.裝修組室內(nèi)甲醛、苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯的平均含量分別為0.139mg/m<'3>、0.163mg/m<'3>、0.294mg/m<'3>、0.325mg/m<'3>、0.152mg/m<'3>,均顯著高于對(duì)照組;超標(biāo)率(除乙苯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)未定外)在69.5％~80.0％之間,其中超標(biāo)率最高的是甲醛.2.甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯濃度及超標(biāo)倍數(shù)均隨竣工時(shí)

3、間延長(zhǎng)逐漸下降,3個(gè)月內(nèi)超標(biāo)情況最為嚴(yán)重,平均濃度分別為0.297mg/m<'3>、0.391mg/m<'3>、0.535mg/m<'3>、0.594mg/m<'3>,平均超標(biāo)倍數(shù)分別為2.71、2.56、1.68和1.97倍.3.有害物質(zhì)濃度降到國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所需時(shí)間不同,甲醛和二甲苯需1年,苯、甲苯需9個(gè)月,而乙苯在裝修竣工半年內(nèi)濃度下降較快,半年到2年內(nèi)濃度下降趨于平緩,差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,到裝修2年時(shí)其濃度仍高于對(duì)照組.4.留居者存在不

4、同程度的SBS,剛?cè)胱r(shí)較調(diào)查當(dāng)時(shí)嚴(yán)重,主要是:眼刺激、咽刺激、鼻刺激、嗅味異常、頭暈、皮膚瘙癢等.不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率隨竣工時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)逐漸下降,其中眼刺激發(fā)生率最高,3個(gè)月內(nèi)達(dá)32.2％,1年后降到9.1％.5.影響不良反應(yīng)評(píng)分的主要因素依次為:人造板家具、通風(fēng)時(shí)間、溫度、復(fù)合地板及竣工時(shí)間.6.有害物質(zhì)濃度與不良反應(yīng)評(píng)分呈正相關(guān),與竣工時(shí)間呈負(fù)相關(guān);不良反應(yīng)評(píng)分與竣工時(shí)間呈負(fù)相關(guān);各有害物質(zhì)濃度間呈正相關(guān).結(jié)論:裝修后室內(nèi)空氣存在嚴(yán)重污染,

5、其對(duì)人體的健康危害不容忽視.建議采取多項(xiàng)綜合措施降低室內(nèi)有害物質(zhì)濃度并加強(qiáng)該方面的調(diào)查研究,依法加快對(duì)裝飾材料的監(jiān)督、監(jiān)測(cè)、立法和有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定.關(guān)鍵詞:室內(nèi)裝修,空氣污染,健康效應(yīng),甲醛,苯系物ⅠStudy on Indoor Air Pollutionand Its Effects in Newly Decorated RoomsAbstractObjectivesTo explore the indoor air pollutio

6、n and its health effects of formaldehyde and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes isomers)in the decorative materials in newly decorated rooms. Methods An epidemiological investigation on the "sick building s

7、yndrome" was carried out among 616 residents in 351 apartments from 6 parts of Taiyuan city. At the same time, 95 sampling apartments newly decorated within 2 years and 20 apartments decorated over 5 years among 351 apar

8、tments were selected to determine the concentration of seven main organic volatile compounds (formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene, m-xylene,para-xylene). According to the completed time, ornament gr

9、oupwas divided into 5 groups(3 month group, 3-6month group, 6-9month, 9-12month group, 12-24month group).The concentration of formaldehyde determined with Acetylacetone spectrophotometric method and BTEX with GC method.

10、Results1.The mean concentrations of formaldehyde and BTEX in indoor air indecorated rooms were 0.139mg/m3, 0.163mg/m3, 0.294mg/m3, 0.325mg/m3' 0.152mg/m3,and they were significantly higher than those in control rooms. Th

11、eover standard rates of formaldehyde and BTEX concentration (exceptethylbenzene) in decorated rooms were 69.5％~80％, and the highest wasformaldehyde. 2. The levels of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and xylenesisomers in i

12、ndoor air decrease apparently with the prolongation of the durationafter the end of the decoration, and the concentration was the highest in roomsthat were decorated in 3 months. The mean concentrations were 0.297mg/m3,

13、0.391mg/m3, 0.535mg/m3, 0.594mg/m3, and exceeded their related sanitarystandards more than 2.71times, 2.56times, 1.68times, 1.97times respectively. 3.The concentrations were decreased to the national hygienic standard af

14、ter a period which was respectively, formaldehyde and xylenes isomers 1 year, benzene and toluene 9 months. But the concentration of ethylbenzene was decreased fast within 6 months, the difference was not significant bet

15、ween 0.5 year and 2 years. The concentration was higher than the control groups within 2years after decoration. 4. There were different degree of sick building syndrome in residents, and the subjective sensations when mo

16、ving in were more serious than investigating. The main symptoms were eye stimulant, throat stimulant,nose stimulant, smell, dizzy and skin itch etc. And the rates of these symptoms showed a decreasing trend with the prol

17、ongation of time after decoration, especially eyes stimulant symptom (within 3 months decreased to 32.2％, after1 year to 9.1％).5. The sequence of main factors on adverse reaction marks wasartificial board furniture, vent

18、ilating time, temperature, plywood and completedtime.6. The adverse reaction marks was positive correlated with theconcentrations and negative correlated with completed time. The concentrationswere negative correlated wi

19、th completed time. The concentrations among thesepollutants were positive correlation. Conclusion The decoration can pollute theair in door and decorative materials have harmful effects on the health ofresidents. To take

20、 steps can control the concentrations of pollutants in air indoor and more studies should be operated in this field. Monitoring, legislationand setting standard on decorative materials should be strengthened accordingto