2014年世界杯足球賽前場防守技戰(zhàn)術(shù)特征及效果的研究.pdf

1、2014年世界杯足球賽前場防守技戰(zhàn)術(shù)特征及效果的研究論文隨機(jī)驗(yàn)證編號：BT5104815194830IV 摘要 摘要 在 2014 年世界杯崇尚進(jìn)攻的背景下，前場防守的重要性日益受到各支球隊(duì)的重視。前場防守不是單純的防守，而是和進(jìn)攻融合為一體的戰(zhàn)術(shù)模式，在進(jìn)攻丟球后即刻實(shí)施防守，在防守成功后快速形成進(jìn)攻，這種“攻守一體化”的戰(zhàn)術(shù)模式是當(dāng)今足壇發(fā)展的趨勢。本文通過 2014 年世界杯足球賽 64 場比賽，運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、錄像觀察法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)

2、計(jì)法對發(fā)生在前場的防守行為及效果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，揭示本屆世界杯前場防守技戰(zhàn)術(shù)特征及效果，為我國教練員及運(yùn)動(dòng)員在今后的比賽中跟上世界足球的發(fā)展提供參考資料。本研究得出以下結(jié)論：1. 前場防守的類型主要以丟球后的即刻反搶為主， 對方控球時(shí)的前場緊逼運(yùn)用次數(shù)較少。前場反搶更容易利用進(jìn)攻時(shí)陣型整體前壓所形成的局部人數(shù)優(yōu)勢，相比較前場緊逼在實(shí)施過程中，更節(jié)省體力也更容易奪得球權(quán)。 2. 比分因素對于前場防守次數(shù)有較大影響， 落后的球隊(duì)會(huì)更積極的實(shí)施

3、前場防守，為本隊(duì)創(chuàng)造更多的進(jìn)攻機(jī)會(huì)。 3. 前場防守參與人數(shù)特征主要是多人防守， 各支球隊(duì)的前場防守整體意識加強(qiáng)，通過整體有組織、有意識的行動(dòng)來完成防守任務(wù)；其次是個(gè)人防守；形式最少的是兩人防守。 4. 前場運(yùn)用最多的防守技術(shù)是搶球，而斷球是獲得球權(quán)最多，成功率最高的防守技術(shù)，實(shí)施搶球技術(shù)可以對控球隊(duì)員形成更多壓力，迫使其傳球，為其他防守隊(duì)員斷球創(chuàng)造了有利條件；鏟球成功率最低，需謹(jǐn)慎使用；爭頂球技術(shù)主要出現(xiàn)在中前場區(qū)域。 5. 中前場

4、區(qū)域是實(shí)施前場防守的主要區(qū)域， 在這一區(qū)域可以利用整體陣型的前壓，在局部容易形成人數(shù)優(yōu)勢，有利于搶奪球權(quán)。 6. 前場防守時(shí)間特征是比賽前 15 分鐘前場防守最為積極，隨時(shí)間推移呈波浪形下降趨勢，但仍然保持較高水平。第二個(gè)高峰是在下半場比賽前 15 分鐘。在這兩個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)采用高強(qiáng)度前場防守，有利于搶奪比賽的主動(dòng)權(quán)，而其余時(shí)間則采用次高強(qiáng)度前場防守。 7. 前場防守獲得球權(quán)后的進(jìn)攻方式是： （1）2-3 次快速的短傳向前發(fā)展； （2）控球

5、隊(duì)員快速將球帶向?qū)Ψ椒朗乇∪醯膮^(qū)域。這種前場快速的由守轉(zhuǎn)攻已經(jīng)成為各支球隊(duì)主要進(jìn)攻方式之一。 2014年世界杯足球賽前場防守技戰(zhàn)術(shù)特征及效果的研究論文隨機(jī)驗(yàn)證編號：BT5104815194830VI ABSTRACT 2014 FIFA World Cup was marked by attacking football philosophy. In this context, most teams pay attention to

6、the importance of opposing half defense. Opposing half defense as a tactical is integrated with attack, not just simple defense. This means implement defense immediately after lose the ball in attack and swift counter-a

7、ttack when the teams get the ball. Both defensive and offensive tactical mode indicates the development trend of modern football. The research through watching the 2014 FIFA World Cup’s 64 games, using the method of li

8、terature material law, video observation, mathematical statistics to statistical analyze the opposing half defending behavior and effect in 64 games that can reveal the technical and tactical characteristics and

9、effect of opposing half defense in this World Cup, which in order to provide references for our coaches and football players in the future competition to keep up with the development of the world football. The conclusi

10、on of this research is as follow: 1.In 2014 FIFA World Cup, teams effort to regain the ball immediately when lose the ball in attack is the main type of opposing half defense, use fewer press the opponent when t

11、hey control the ball on their own half. Immediate tackle in opposing half easy to use the advantage of number of attackers that require less physical and regain the ball much easier than press the opponent in the

12、ir possession. 2.In 2014 FIFA World Cup, the factor of score has a marked impact on opposing half defense. The team behind the score would be more positive to defend in opposing half that creates more chances to attack.

13、 3.In 2014 FIFA World Cup, the characteristics of participation in opposing half defense is multi-people defense which means integral consciousness has been intensify, through organized and conscious defend to a