螯爪蚌螨生物學(xué)及形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究.pdf

1、摘要鰲爪蚌靖是目前發(fā)現(xiàn)唯一與中國圓田螺和中華圓田螺關(guān)系密切的蝸類。開展對鰲爪蚌蠟的生物學(xué)研究，觀察其生活史發(fā)育、顯微結(jié)構(gòu)和亞顯微結(jié)構(gòu)查明鰲爪蚌摘的種群分布型及與宿主的相關(guān)關(guān)系和感染規(guī)律，具有重要的理論和應(yīng)用價值。本論文觀察了鰲爪蚌瞞Unionicola(Polytatax)chelataWen足I、W腹端具有明顯舌狀的爪墊，而足IIIm沒有明顯舌狀的爪墊。領(lǐng)體掃描電鏡圖顯示鰲肢從口器伸出，口器周圍有4根剛毛，口內(nèi)有類似鰓狀的結(jié)構(gòu)，稱之為

2、“鰓狀結(jié)構(gòu)”，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以跟鰲肢的伸縮配合活動。鰲爪蚌蜻成蝸的生殖部位主要由多對殖吸盤、排泄孔、生殖腺毛、射精復(fù)合體或產(chǎn)卵結(jié)構(gòu)等幾個部分組成。成蜻和若蜻的殖吸盤周圍都有殖吸盤剛毛。此外，本研究還對中國圓田螺中鰲爪蚌蜻種群動態(tài)進(jìn)行了分析探討。在南昌地區(qū)所采集的中國圓田螺中，自2006年5月到2007年4月的12個月，共有9個月采到田螺，其大多數(shù)月份有鰲爪蚌蜻寄生。結(jié)果顯示總感染率為29.34%感染強(qiáng)度為31，豐盛度為1.076911.854

3、08月份感染率最高，為58.56%，統(tǒng)計表明月份之間的各個特征指數(shù)差異顯著。田螺的體高(組)與鰲爪蚌瞞的各項指標(biāo)特征有著顯著的相關(guān)性。鰲爪蚌蜻在體高為5060nim的中國圓田螺內(nèi)侵襲數(shù)量最多，在該體高范圍對宿主的感染水平最高。鰲爪蚌蜻對其宿主的鰓部有很高AbstractAbstractUnionicola(Polytatax)chelataistheonlyparasitemitewhichwasfoundthathadaclosere

4、lationtoCipangopaludinachinensis(Cray)andCipangopaludinacathayensis(Heude).Ithasimportantacademicvalueandpracticalvalueindoingresearchtoitslifecycleobservationmicroandsubmicrostructurethedistributionprevalenceregulationa

5、ndrelationwith小.hostInthesislifecycleofUnionicola(Polytatax)chelataWen&Zhu1999wasinvestigatedanditsdevelopmentalstagesweredescribed.TheinvestigatingresultshowsthattherearealldevelopmentalstagesofU.chelataintheChinesesnai

6、lCipangopaludinachinensis(Cray)includingeggprelarvalarvanymphophannymphteleiophanandadult.TheresultindicatesU.chelatacanfinishallthestagesinitshostChinesefreshwatersnailwithoutanymidhost.Thestructureoflegclawsandglandula

7、riagnathosomaandgenitalfieldwereobservedfortheadultandnymphU.chelatawithelectronmicroscope.Thescanningresultsshowthatthemostobviousdiferenceisaboutthegenitalfield.Thenymphonlyhastwopairacetabulumswithoutothersubstructure

8、ofgenitalfieldbuttheadulthasmorethanfivepairacetabulumsandcompletelydevelopedejaculatingorlayingstructure.Thelegclawsofisanintegerthatincludesclawsventralpadandsetae.LegIisthesamewithlegN.Leg11isthe~withleg1I.Therearefew

9、diferencesbetweenthetwogroups.Thescanningresultofthegnathosomarevealsthatthecheliceraeextendingfromthemouthwithfoursetaearoundthemouththereisastructurelookswhichcanmovetogetherwiththecheliceraelikegill(calledgilllikestru

10、cture).ThegenitalfieldofU.chelataiscomposedofmanyacetabulumsexcretoryporegenitalsetaejaculatorycomplexorovipositstructure.Bothadultandnymphsacetebulumshavesetaearoud.PopulationdynamicsofthewatermiteU.chelatawasinvestigat

11、edinfreshwatersnailCipangopaludinachinensis(Cray)duringtheperiodfromMay2006toApril2007inNanchangwhichisbelongtoPoyanglakewatersystem.Apatternoseasonalvariationwasobservedwithprevalenceandabundancepeakedinearlyspringandau

12、tumn.Thenumberofmitesinindividualhostwassignificantlycorrelatedwiththesizeofsnail.Thechangesininfectionlevelofthemiteondiferentinfectionsitesweresignificantwithmoremitesfoundonthegill.Keywords:morphologyUnionicolachelata