論不法原因給付的返還規(guī)則.pdf

1、論不法原因給付的返還規(guī)則1論不法原因給付的返還規(guī)則內(nèi)容摘要 內(nèi)容摘要 內(nèi)容摘要 內(nèi)容摘要不法原因給付是一個日久彌新的論題， 其返還規(guī)則的確定， 既涉及到私法自治與公法強制的關(guān)系，又牽涉到雙方當(dāng)事人利益的平衡。雖然該制度由來已久，但是在世界各國民事立法、 司法及理論研究中卻從未對不法原因給付的返還規(guī)則形成統(tǒng)一的意見。 本文以不法原因給付的返還規(guī)則為研究對象， 試圖通過比較法分析、歷史分析、文本分析、邏輯歸納等方法，全面系統(tǒng)的探討該問題，為

2、我國的立法提供參考性建議。除引言外，正文在結(jié)構(gòu)上可以分為四個部分。第一部分為不法原因給付返還規(guī)則的比較法分析。 英美法系和傳統(tǒng)大陸法系國家對不法原因給付以不能請求返還為原則， 而在社會主義國家， 一般都有國家沒收的規(guī)定。本文認(rèn)為，對社會主義法系國家而言，收歸國有的方式，一方面體現(xiàn)了國家利益的至高無上和國家在社會生活中的絕對權(quán)威， 另一方面又成功的化解了傳統(tǒng)大陸法系中不予返還原則所導(dǎo)致的矛盾，所以在立法作出沒收的規(guī)定，可謂何樂而不為。第二

3、部分是對我國立法的探討。本文認(rèn)為：第一、目前只有《民法通則》58條的第一款第 5 項，及《合同法》52 條的第 4 項、第 5 項仍具價值。第二、可撤銷法律行為與無效法律行為應(yīng)分別規(guī)定。 第三、 返還規(guī)則應(yīng)當(dāng)區(qū)分不法的原因、狀態(tài)等因素，而不應(yīng)作一體性的規(guī)定。第四、我國現(xiàn)行法中的沒收實際上是返還國家的意思， “追繳”與“返還”具有同質(zhì)性，司法界與學(xué)術(shù)界存在著對立法的誤讀。第五、在僅一方有過錯時，應(yīng)采用何種返還規(guī)則，現(xiàn)行法沒有規(guī)定，實際上存

4、在著立法的漏洞。第三部分是對傳統(tǒng)不法原因給付制度的探討和借鑒。 首先， 我國應(yīng)參考主觀原因理論，確立什么樣的“遠(yuǎn)因”會導(dǎo)致法律行為無效，從而系統(tǒng)化我國的無效法律行為制度。其次，支持不得請求返還原則的各個學(xué)說，都沒有妥善的解決個案正義問題， 而是意在說服我們把個體正義的犧牲作為制度成本來接受。 筆者認(rèn)論不法原因給付的返還規(guī)則3Abstract Abstract Abstract AbstractThe restitution rules

5、of illegal cause performance( hereinafter refers to ICP forabbreviation) is the research object in this paper.The author tries to comprehensivelyand systematically explain the ICP by comparative,historical,text-based and

6、 logicalapproach.Besides the introduction,this paper may divide into four parts structurally.Part one is the comparative analysis of the restitution rules of ICP.There aremostly two types of legislations dealing with the

7、 ICP in the civil law system.InFrance,Germany,Switzerland,Japan and Chinese Taipei etc,the performance of ICPshall not be returned.On the other side,the socialist countries mostly added thedemanding of confiscation by th

8、e country.Part two is the analysis of Chinese law.In this paper,the author thinks that,wehave some legal loopholes about the restitution rules of ICP,we shall not legislate therules directly.And under the current law,the

9、 country-connfiscation has the samemeaning with return to the country.Part three is the experience adapted form other countries.Most of the theories ofICP agreed that the performance shall not be returned,but the author

10、has a differentopinion.We shall pay more attention to the justice of every case,and the law must bemore flexible.Part four is the suggestions about the restitution rules of ICP in China.The authorconsiders that there is

11、no need to legislate the rules directly.We shall recognize thejudge's discretion as one of the most significant tools to solve the problem.There areseveral most important factors during the judging process,such as th

12、e seriousness ofthe illegal action,the knowledge of plaintiff,the deterrent,the proportionality ofinterests etc.Key Key Key Key words: words: words: words: I I I Illegal llegal llegal llegal C C C Cause ause ause ause P

13、P P Performance erformance erformance erformance； R R R Restitution estitution estitution estitution R R R Rules ules ules ules of of of of ICP ICP ICP ICP； S S S Single ingle ingle ingle G G G Gustice ustice ustice usti

14、ce；the the the the G G G Gudge's udge's udge's udge's D D D Discretion iscretion iscretion iscretion； D D D Determination etermination etermination etermination of of of of t t t the he he he F F F Faults