民族學(xué)概論名詞解釋

1、action with Xi Jinping as general secretary of the CPC Central Committee highly consistent, often take the initiative to the Party Central Committee to the party's theory and the line, principles and policies, politi

2、cal understand. Practice the party's purpose, keeping public servants Huai, bear in mind that the Communist Party is always an ordinary member of the working people and close ties with the masses and wholeheartedly s

3、erve the people. To strengthen the party spirit training and moral cultivation, awe, holding a ruler, honesty in politics, from strict statesman, against corruption and build a strong defense. Always keep doing what busi

4、ness, pioneering and enterprising spirit, usually see, critical moment get washed up. How to carry out the study and discussion. In accordance with the “three class system, the Party group to organize regular members foc

5、us on learning; not divided into Party group, with the Party branch as a unit focused on learning. Party branch of each quarter held an all Party members of the meeting, each built around a thematic group Fabric is disc

6、ussed. Study and discussion should be closely combined with the reality of personal contact ideological work in real life, see yourself in front of the new tasks and new test, can stick to the communist belief purpose, c

7、an correctly handle public and private, righteousness and benefit, individuals and organizations, the relationship between the individual and the masses, whether to pursue noble morality and take the lead in practice the

8、 socialist core values and maintain a positive and healthy lifestyle, can consciously do party compasses party before know fear to abide by the rules, can maintain a good mental state, positive for the career of the part

9、y served as. How lectures? Lectures in general Party branch range of. Party branch to combineStudy and discussion topics, the content of the lectures, the time and manner to make arrangements. Leading cadres to in the br

10、anch where the lectures to the countryside, grass-roots unit Party branch in the community, enterprises, schools and other lectures. Organization of Party school teachers, lecturers' group members, advanced model to

11、 the grass-roots party branches lectures. To encourage and guide the Secretary of basic level party organization, ordinary members with practical lectures. Pay attention to the use of examples around, their own experienc

12、es, and strengthen interaction, answer commentate be puzzled, enhance the attraction and appeal of the lectures. “71“ before and after, Party branch to node activities to commemorate the founding of the 95th anniversary

13、activities, pooling arrangements a lectures. To convene a party branch organization of thematic life? Before the end of the year, the Party branch held a special organizational life will. Branch team and a member of the

14、control functions and responsibilities, party spirit analysis, revealing in thought, organization, style, discipline and other aspects of the problem. Should be geared to the needs of Party members and the masses widely

15、According to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage

16、concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, purpose is let we further deep understanding mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main fro

17、m four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Party's 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the party's advanced nature and purity, in the party,

18、with “pragmatic and clean for the people“ as the main content of the party's mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party

19、, strengthen the party's major decision is in line with the public expectations and strengthening the construction of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist party's major deployment, is the important me

20、asure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. First, carry out the party's mass line in education practice, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the

21、 great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation the Chinese dream of urgent needs. Party's 18 to promote strategic deployment to building socialism with Chinese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020

22、China's gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the basis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic,

23、civilized and harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 18 Congress of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Ch

24、inese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, China important to follow is to keep China Road, carry forward the spirit and coh

25、esion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, China, China, China. St

26、rategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading people to hard to realize the Chinese dream, mass education activities in dep

27、th the fundamental starting point and ending point. Strengthen the education of the party's mass line, helps to train the collective consciousness of the unity of the party and the people, playing the Chinese dream i

28、deological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have “common language“ socialist countries must have “unity of will“. History hassoliciting opinions seriously carry out criticism and self-criticism, fo

29、r outstanding problems and weak links and puts forward reform measures. All members of the organization of branch team work, style Council. Party group can reference Party branch of the Communist Party of China, held a s

30、pecial organizational life. How to open the exhibition democratic Council members? With the Party branch as a unit held a meeting of all members. Organization of Party members to carry out democratic appraisal. Control p

31、arty standards, according to individual self-assessment, peer assessment party, democratic evaluation, organizational assessment program, to Party members review. With higher number of Party members and Party branch, ind

32、ividual self-assessment and party peer assessment can be divided into Party group. Combination of democratic appraisal, branch team members to and every Party member talk talk. Party branch integrated democratic appraisa

33、l situation and the party daily performance to determine the grades of the review, for outstanding Party members to be commended for; to unqualified Party's performance, in accordance with the relevant provisions of

34、 the Constitution and the party, the difference is different, prudent reliable given tissue disposition. Do; with two “a“ study and education of leading cadres to set an example? The leadership of the party membe

35、rs and cadres to “l(fā)earn“ study and education go in front, deep layer, strict implementation of dual organizational life system to ordinary Party members participate in where the branches of organizational life, and Party

36、 members to study and discuss together, investigate and resolve problems, together to accept education, to join the Party member democratic appraisal. To held a party (party), thematic learning the party constitution of

37、party compasses and Xi Jinping, general secretary of the series of important speech to the party committees (party) group and other forms of organization in research, deepen the learning effect. The annual democracy lif

38、e to “l(fā)earn“ Questions, leading bodies and leading cadres to put themselves into, find out the existing problems. The current members of the existing main problems? To focus from what aspects to solve the problem? The cu

39、rrent members of the existing problems is the ideal faith fuzzy shake problem, weakening the consciousness of the party, Party members and the purpose of the concept of the weak, lassitude of Party members, Party members

40、' moral misconduct. To strive to resolve some party members and fuzzy ideals and beliefs shaken problems, mainly lack of belief in communism, the lack of confidence in socialism with Chinese characteristics, spiritua

41、l emptiness, praised the Western values, are keen to organize, take part in the feudal Serious is a service organization to participate in party political activities. We should focus on solving some Party member consciou

42、sness desalination, mainly is on par with the consciousness is not strong, does not keep the political discipline rule, the party did not say, do not love the party, retainingproved that a people and a nation, if it doe

43、s not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint

44、force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups

45、and classes, has a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today ... Into sex and purity, and the i

46、nevitable requirement of constantly improving the party's governing capacity. Strengthening the construction of the advanced nature and purity, the core problem is always maintaining the party's flesh-and-blood

47、ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point an

48、d ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of party's advanced na

49、ture and purity and enhancing the party's ruling ability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this

50、 is a measure of the party's fundamental standards, is a measure of the party's advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, depending on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of t

51、he people are always, always realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is di

52、fferent from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political position and historical mission: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhe

53、lming majority of the people. From the day of the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serv

54、ing as its fundamental purpose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most

55、 determined in the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses ' assessment, which itself was the party's advanced nature a

56、nd purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations

57、 with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some民族識別調(diào)查：是指在 1953 開始的，我國民族工作者所進(jìn)行的民族識別調(diào)查工作。這一大規(guī)模的科學(xué)性很強(qiáng)的調(diào)查研究任務(wù)，在各級黨政部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，在歷史學(xué)、語言學(xué)等學(xué)科研究者的共同協(xié)助下，經(jīng)過四年的努力，于 1956 年初戰(zhàn)告捷。民族識別的結(jié)果，使我國目前的 55 個少數(shù)民族中，除歷來被公認(rèn)的外，40

58、多個民族至此有了自己明確的族屬。從科學(xué)意義上說，如此大規(guī)模的民族識別研究，堪稱世界民族研究史上的壯舉，它受到國際民族學(xué)界的廣泛矚目。并為黨和國家制定科學(xué)的民族政策指引了方向。民族社會歷史調(diào)查：是指從 1956—1958 年，我國民族學(xué)工作者在歷史學(xué)、語言學(xué)、考古學(xué)工作者的協(xié)同下，以近千人的強(qiáng)大陣容，在全國 16 個民族地區(qū)開展了全面深入地調(diào)查，再一次取得了巨大成果。一是了解到解放前我國少數(shù)民族社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡性突出；二是發(fā)揚中國民族學(xué)

59、與歷史學(xué)研究緊密結(jié)合的傳統(tǒng)，在數(shù)千萬字調(diào)查資料的基礎(chǔ)上，編輯出版了三套叢書初稿和調(diào)查資料 300 多種。經(jīng)濟(jì)文化類型是蘇聯(lián)民族學(xué)家托爾斯托夫、列文和切博克薩羅夫在 20 世紀(jì) 50 年代提出的概念。定義是：居住在相似的自然地理條件下，并有近似的社會發(fā)展水平的各民族在歷史上形成的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化特點的綜合體。氏族：原始社會中以相同的血緣關(guān)系結(jié)合而成的人類社會群體，其成員出自一個共同的祖先，大約產(chǎn)生于舊石器時代中晚期。氏族成員的地位平等、集體勞動

60、、平均分配、財產(chǎn)共享。公共事務(wù)由氏族首領(lǐng)管理，重大事務(wù)由氏族成員組成的氏族公議決定。氏族社會先后經(jīng)過母系氏族社會、父系氏族社會，大約在銅石并用時代由于私有制的發(fā)展而解體。部落：由于人口的繁殖，氏族的一部分人向外開拓新的生存空間，于是產(chǎn)生了新的氏族。幾個新老氏族結(jié)合在一起，便形成了一個部落。每個部落都有自己的名稱與領(lǐng)土，具有共同的語言、共同的經(jīng)濟(jì)、共同的宗教與祭祀儀式。部落內(nèi)各氏族地位平等，部落最高首領(lǐng)稱為酋長，由各氏族推選產(chǎn)生，公共事務(wù)

61、由各氏族首領(lǐng)組成的部落議事會討論決定。血緣婚：群婚的早期階段，一種同一集團(tuán)內(nèi)部的同輩男女互為共夫共妻，異輩之間絕對禁止通婚的婚姻形式。血緣群婚制的出現(xiàn)，是人類婚姻形態(tài)的一大進(jìn)步，為后來母系氏族的族外群婚奠定的基礎(chǔ)。 親屬制度：親屬制度是反映人們的親屬關(guān)系以及代表這些親屬關(guān)系的稱謂的一種社會規(guī)范。親屬稱謂是人類學(xué)研究社會親屬關(guān)系的重要依據(jù)，最早系統(tǒng)研究親屬稱謂的是摩爾根，他認(rèn)為人類親屬稱謂分為類別式和說明式，前者是把同一范疇的親屬用同樣的

62、稱謂，而后者則對不同的親屬運用不同的稱謂加以更全面的區(qū)別。摩爾根試圖通過研究親屬稱謂來研究人類家庭形態(tài)的演變過程。列維斯特勞斯認(rèn)為親屬制度除了親屬稱謂以外還包括相應(yīng)的態(tài)度體系。親屬關(guān)系：親屬關(guān)系一般包括血親關(guān)系和姻親關(guān)系，血親關(guān)系是依據(jù)血緣繼承為原則建立的人與人之間的關(guān)系也包括收養(yǎng)關(guān)系，最主要的就是父母和子女之間的關(guān)系。姻親關(guān)系主要指異性之間以社會承認(rèn)的以兩性關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)而形成的婚姻關(guān)系，親屬關(guān)系是人類社會人與人之間最基本的社會關(guān)系形式以

63、親屬關(guān)系結(jié)成的群體也是人類社會最基本的組織細(xì)胞。（由姻親和血親關(guān)系形成的人與人之間的血親關(guān)系）action with Xi Jinping as general secretary of the CPC Central Committee highly consistent, often take the initiative to the Party Central Committee to the party's theor

64、y and the line, principles and policies, political understand. Practice the party's purpose, keeping public servants Huai, bear in mind that the Communist Party is always an ordinary member of the working people and

65、close ties with the masses and wholeheartedly serve the people. To strengthen the party spirit training and moral cultivation, awe, holding a ruler, honesty in politics, from strict statesman, against corruption and buil

66、d a strong defense. Always keep doing what business, pioneering and enterprising spirit, usually see, critical moment get washed up. How to carry out the study and discussion. In accordance with the “three class system,

67、the Party group to organize regular members focus on learning; not divided into Party group, with the Party branch as a unit focused on learning. Party branch of each quarter held an all Party members of the meeting, ea

68、ch built around a thematic group Fabric is discussed. Study and discussion should be closely combined with the reality of personal contact ideological work in real life, see yourself in front of the new tasks and new tes