曼昆經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理中文第四版 答案35

1、第 35 35 章《宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的五大爭(zhēng)論》 章《宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的五大爭(zhēng)論》(2008-10-19 12:05:14)標(biāo)簽：雜談 分類：《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理》習(xí)題選答復(fù)習(xí)題： 復(fù)習(xí)題：1. What causes the lags in the effect of monetary and fiscal policy on aggregate demand? What are the implications of these lags fo

2、r the debate over active versus passive policy? 什么因素導(dǎo)致貨幣和財(cái)政政策對(duì)總需求影響的時(shí)滯？這些時(shí)滯對(duì)積極和消極的政策的爭(zhēng)論的含義是什么？答：因?yàn)楹枚嗉彝ズ凸咎崆白龊昧讼M(fèi)和支出計(jì)劃，所以需要一定時(shí)間，人們總需求才會(huì)對(duì)利率調(diào)整做出反應(yīng)。其結(jié)果，增加了實(shí)行積極的穩(wěn)健的貨幣財(cái)政政策的困難。因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)并不是對(duì)政策立刻做出響應(yīng)。2. What might motivate a central

3、 banker to cause a political business cycle? What does the political business cycle imply for the debate over policy rules? 政治性經(jīng)濟(jì)周期。政治性經(jīng)濟(jì)周期對(duì)政策規(guī)則爭(zhēng)論的含義是什么？答: 大選前，為影響選舉結(jié)果，中央銀行刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)。為了避免這種情況，應(yīng)該制定規(guī)則，按照規(guī)則來(lái)實(shí)施貨幣政策，而不是

4、相機(jī)行事。3. Explain how credibility might affect the cost of reducing inflation.解釋信任度如何影響治理通脹的代價(jià)。答：信任度影響短期菲利普斯曲線的移動(dòng)速度。如果美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)推出的治理通脹計(jì)劃很可信，那么短期菲利普斯曲線快速下移，治理通脹成本小。反之，則治理成本高。4. Why are some economists against a target o

5、f zero inflation?答：他們認(rèn)為，保持零通脹成本太高，益處小。5. Explain two ways in which a government budget deficit hurts a future worker.政府預(yù)算赤字傷害下代工人。答：首先，下一代工人稅負(fù)更重了。其次，由于擠出效應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致將來(lái)的資本存量減少，將來(lái)工人的收入減少。應(yīng)用題： 應(yīng)用題：1. The chapter sugge

6、sts that the economy, like the human body, has “natural restorative powers.” 本章提出，經(jīng)濟(jì)象人體一樣，有自然恢復(fù)力。a. Illustrate the short-run effect of a fall in aggregate demand using an aggregate-demand/aggregatesupply dia

7、gram. What happens to total output,income, and employment? 說(shuō)明總需求減少的短期效應(yīng)。答：經(jīng)濟(jì)從 A-〉B。b. If the government does not use stabilization policy, what happens to the economy over time? Illustrate on your diagram. Does this adju

8、stment generallyoccur in a matter of months or a matter of years? 政府不干預(yù)，發(fā)生什么？這種調(diào)整一般要幾年？幾個(gè)月？答：如上圖。B-〉C。這個(gè)過(guò)程需要數(shù)年完成。c. Do you think the “natural restorative powers” of the economy mean that policymakers should

9、be passive in response to the business cycle? 你認(rèn)為“經(jīng)濟(jì)自我恢復(fù)”意外者對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)周期被動(dòng)消極反應(yīng)嗎？答：政府不介入，經(jīng)濟(jì)自我恢復(fù)很慢。如果政府能使總需求曲線右移，經(jīng)濟(jì)可以較快恢復(fù)。但是，由于時(shí)滯和信息不完整，增加總需求的政策可能搖擺不定。2. Policymakers who want to stabilize the economy must decide how much

10、 to change the money supply, government spending, or taxes. Why is it difficult forpolicymakers to choose the appropriate strength of their actions? 想穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)的決策者必須決定變動(dòng)貨幣供給、政府支出或者稅收。為何對(duì)決策者而言，選擇行動(dòng)的適當(dāng)力度是困難的？答：首先是政策出臺(tái)到