關(guān)于中國(guó)自動(dòng)控制領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的研究外文翻譯英文

1、www.scichina.com info.scichina.comAdvances in automation and control research in ChinaCHENG DaiZhanKey Laboratory of Systems and Control, Academy of Mathematics the south-point chariot (250–330 AD), which is able to aut

2、omatically point to a fixed direction whenReceived February 16, 2009; accepted September 22, 2009doi: 10.1007/s11432-009-0198-2Supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60674022, 60

3、736022, 60821091)Citation: Cheng D Z. Advances in automation and control research in China. Sci China Ser F-Inf Sci, 2009, 52(11): 1954–1963, doi: 10.1007/s11432-009-0198-2or actuator nodes with computational capabilitie

4、s can control complex dynamic systems remotely. There are two fundamental control problems as- sociated with network systems, the control of net- works, and the control of networked systems.Networks have some unique prob

5、lems such as network congestion[7], data packet dropout, and transmission delay[8] to name a few. To ensure ef- ficiency of a large or huge network, such as the internet, fault detection is also a very challenging proble

6、m[9].A networked control system (NCS) consists of a set of dynamical units that interact over a sig- nal exchange network for its coordinated operation and behavior. Researches on NCS focus on the fol- lowing topics: 1)

7、System modeling: Since an NCS usually consists of sensors, actuators, and controls, a proper model is necessary to describe its dynam- ics and control[10]. 2) Analysis and control de- sign: As the networked control syste

8、ms have some unique characterizations such as hybridity, delay and randomness, new analyzing methods and new control techniques are required for controlling such systems[11,12]. 3) Failure inspection: In fault detec- tio

9、n, certain attention has to be paid to the net- work’s special properties[13]. 4) Experimental and simulation studies: Unlike a mechanical system, the dynamics of a networked system can hardly be described by a different

10、ial or difference equation. Experiment and simulation are thus emerging as effective tools for dealing with networked systems. Benchmark problems and software tools have yet to be developed for the study and control desi

11、gn of such systems.There are some industrial networked control sys- tems such as power systems, transportation sys- tems, communication systems, which have been studied for quite a long time. But only from the very end o

12、f last century, people started to investi- gate these systems from a viewpoint of NCS. New perspective may bring breakthrough process in the near future.Network control is a cross discipline, a challeng- ing and promisin

13、g research field.2.2 Intelligent robotsIn 1970s and 1980s, the advent of computer con-trolled robots and the field of robotics became a fertile ground for research in computer science and mechanical engineering, which st

14、imulated the in- vestigation of related control techniques. Since then, the control of robots becomes an active branch of control theory.In the past 20 years or so, researches on tech- niques and products of robots in Ch

15、ina have achieved a significant progress. Series of industrial robots have been produced. China has a big de- mand for the robots of stamping, welding, and as- sembling on car production lines; pilotless aircraft; underw

16、ater robots; and various intelligent robots.Some important research topics include 1) state estimate of robots[14]; 2) tracking control[15]; 3) us- ing intelligent control techniques for robot control under complex envir

17、onments[16], and many others. There are some more challenging problems for fur- ther studies, such as mixed initiative systems and human interfaces; control using high data-rate sen- sors; and service and medical robotic

18、s, to name a few.2.3 Guidance of missiles, aircraft, and satellitesIn aerospace, control has been a vital technology in the past century. It is fair to say that one of the most successful applications of modern control t

19、heory is the control of satellites.The space program in China was initiated soon after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The first Chinese missile was built in 1958, and the first Chinese satellite, Dongfan

20、ghong-1 was launched into its orbit in 1970. China became the fifth country in the world to launch a satellite into space. The manned space program was inau- gurated in 1992, and the first Chinese Astronaut was launched

21、into space by Shenzhou 5 in 2003. China is the third country that is capable of send- ing a human into space on its own, after the Soviet Union and the United States. China launched the Chang’e-1 lunar exploration satell

22、ite in 2007. It was said unofficially that China had also carried out a successful anti-satellite missile test in 2007.Guidance navigation control includes position, speed, and attitude control. It plays a fundamental ro