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1、International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science (IJ-CLOSER) Vol.1, No.1, March 2012, pp. 25~34 ISSN: 2089-3337 ? 25 Journal homepage: http://iaesjournal.com/online/index.php/ IJ-CLOSER The Future of
2、 Web and Mobile Game Development Kevin Curran, Ciaran George University of Ulster, School of Computing and Intelligent Systems email: kj.curran@ulster.ac.uk Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received December 11th
3、, 2011 Accepted Jan 26th, 2012 Since HTML5 has become open to the public many developers have been experimenting with the new possibilities for web development, the aim of this research paper is to give an overview of
4、 what this means to the game development community. This research paper will evaluate new HTML5 elements and JavaScript features. We highlight WebGL, Canvas and WebSockets, which have given developers the opportunity
5、to flaunt their creativity by manipulating images, creating 3D environments and providing real-time interaction. Keyword: Web Programming HTML 5 Copyright @ 2012 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All r
6、ights reserved. Corresponding Author: Kevin Curran, University of Ulster, School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Northland Road, Londonderry, N. Ireland Email: kj.curran@ulster.ac.uk 1. INTRODUCTION In 1997
7、a new and exciting version of the Web’s most predominant mark-up language was officially announced as the new W3C recommendation, this was HTML 4.0. It was vastly different to its predecessors and offered an abundance
8、of new features such as the support of Cascading Style Sheets. Before the release of HTML 4.0 the web was largely limited to text and static images, with which many of the websites we use today could not have been crea
9、ted. W3C believed the future of the web lay with XML and thus froze their development of HTML after 4.01 and the release of XHTML. With the support of Apple the WHATWG led by Ian Hickson began work on a specification t
10、hey called Web Applications 1.0, this was due to a disagreement of XML being the future of web development. Web Applications 1.0 was then used as the spec for the basis of W3C’s new HTML version after they admitted bei
11、ng wrong in basing the future on XML. With HTML5 now in a working draft form and offering stacks of new exciting features developers have already begun to create the future of the web. With the release of HTML5 to sim
12、plify developing for the web many new elements were added, along with the addition of several new JavaScript API’s. Previous to HTML 5 playing media on a browser required a plug-in or an application installation. For ex
13、ample playing a Flash game requires Adobe shockwave player but now thanks to HTML5 and its new multimedia elements audio, video and canvas that could be a thing of the past. Although HTML5 is not without faults most se
14、e it as a huge leap forward for web development. Its release plays a vital role how web games are developed. Recently there has been a massive expansion of casual ‘pick up and play’ games which are frequently played on
15、 social networking sites, smart phones, tablets and web sites this has led to a major shift in the game development industry. The IJ-CLOSER ISSN: 2089-3337 ? The Future of Web and Mobile Game Development (Kevin curra
16、n) 27obfuscate the JavaScript in your game; this would encode a portion of the Client Side and make the information much more difficult to reproduce. When used in the right scenarios canvas and SVG are both appropriate
17、 technologies for game development. 2.2 2D Adobe Flash 2D games are extremely popular on web browsers, a large proportion of these games on sites such as Facebook are created using Adobe Flash Professional. Adobe Fl
18、ash Professional is a multimedia authoring program which can be used to create games, movies and more. The main disadvantage of flash is that it requires plug-ins to work, with HTML5 games and videos can be run without
19、 the need for any plug-ins. Websites such as youtube have already begun to offer html5 capabilities [4] with the only ‘disadvantage’ being that ads are not yet supported. Flash has been used for the creation of some ma
20、ssive titles such as Zyngas Farmville, which at its peak reached around 80 million users [5]. It shows that flash is one of the largest gaming platforms in the world, with more users in Farmville alone that any recent
21、console. HTML5 has been replicating much of the features provided in flash to offer a “plug-in free web”. Moving to HTML5 would not only create a plug-in free web but would also provide games to more platforms, the big
22、gest of these platforms would be those on the iOS. Apple has refused to support flash for years with the companies frequently clashing. Ex-Apple CEO Steve Jobs felt that Flash programs took up too much processing power
23、 and caused frequent crashes, he also believed this would become a huge drain on handheld devices batteries. These were the reasons he refused to support flash. HTML5 would finally offer a way to reach the apple user
24、base [6]. Although HTML5 and JavaScript seem like a solution to flash and its plug-in requirements this is not the case at all. Flash is and always will be an attractive design tool; it reaches a wide audience due to it
25、s artistic qualities and designing features. Not all game designers want to write endless amounts of code and this is the niche market that will not be able to move to HTML5, with adobes latest software release this n
26、iche market can get all the benefits of flash design for HTML5. Adobe Edge is the latest release from the Adobe labs, this exciting tool allows the creation of animations (such as those created in Flash) in a HTML5 env
27、ironment. Its features appear to be much more future-proof than that of its predecessor flash, such as support for SVG, JavaScript and CSS. Most importantly though Adobe have acknowledged the massive, rapid expansion o
28、f handheld and tablet devices with Adobe Edge supporting all of the main Operating Systems. At present Adobe Edge does not yet offer anything close to what Adobe Flash offered, but adobe have said that it will be quick
29、ly and frequently updated. However it does not enter this market alone, another animation tool called “Hype” was introduced to the Mac OS market bragging “creates slick animations in HTML5”. Hype is another potential d
30、esign tool for game creation, with user friendly animation and simple drag and drop graphics importation. Although hype has stated it offers animations in HTML5 what it actually offers is simply HTML4, there is no evid
31、ence of support for any of the new HTML5 elements such as canvas. This problem alone shows that hype is much less future proof than the up and coming Adobe Edge with Adobe having over 15 years of animation software exp
32、erience. Adobe are offering Edge for free to any interested designers, with its flash animation for HTML5 it would certainly be something to look into. The current version is more of a preview with additional features
33、being added quite regularly. Adobe have also recently unveiled their new fully 3D API “Stage3D”, this will be a huge competitor in the race for becoming the dominating 3D web software. This will be discussed in more de
34、tail later in this paper. 2.3 WebGL HTML5 Canvas does offer other substantial benefits over other technologies; one of the most exciting features added is WebGL. WebGL is a JavaScript library that allows for the cre
35、ation of 3D games, the WebGL API is based on OpenGL ES 2.0 and uses canvas elements. OpenGL is an API widely used for the development of 2D and 3D applications, within games development it is the main competitor for Mi
36、crosoft’s Direct X. To provide efficient 3D graphics there must be communication with the GPU, OpenGL acts like a translator for multiple programming languages enabling the developer to have achieve to this communicat
37、ion. WebGL offers this communication to JavaScript thus enabling the creation of web based 3D games. WebGL provides cross platform capabilities allowing the development of 3D games on most platforms, the only problem w
38、ith this is that plug-ins are required to support this on small devices [7]. With hardware acceleration added to web browsers this allows the 3D games to run quite well. Drawing primitives directly to the graphics card
39、 is a difficult task; using WebGL could prove to be a steep learning curve for a lot of developers. Developers of Google have been showing off the potential for WebGL in games by displaying several projects that reveal
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