[雙語翻譯]人才流失外文翻譯--人才外流還是循環(huán)遷移--羅馬尼亞醫(yī)生的案例（英文）

1、 Procedia Economics and Finance 32 ( 2015 ) 649 – 656 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com2212-5671 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND lic

2、ense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Asociatia Grupul Roman de Cercetari in Finante Corporatiste doi: 10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01445-8 ScienceDirectEm

3、erging Markets Queries in Finance and Business Brain drain or circular migration: the case of Romanian physicians Irina Bonceaa,* aThe Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 6, Piata Romana, 1stdistrict, Bucharest,

4、postal code:010374, Romania Abstract The aim of this article is to tackle the brain drain phenomenon in the health sector in Romania, focusing on the dichotomy brain drain-brain circulation. Between 2007 and 2010, 8131

5、medical doctors leaved the country. However, statistics on permanent migration emphasize a not so worrying situation: in the same period of time, 1066 medical doctors changed their permanent residence. The profile of t

6、he emigrant include young medical doctors, leaving Romania at the early stage of their career. Whether they are exponents of permanent or circular migration depends on our country’s ability in offering them incentives

7、for returning. Primary data sources and results of qualitative and quantitative studies available in the literature are used in the attempt of offering an answer to the controversial issue of Romanian physicians. ©

8、 2015 Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Emergin

9、g Markets Queries in Finance and Business local organization. Keywords: brain drain; circular migration; Romania; health sector; physicians 1. Introduction Literature on brain drain evolved over the past 60 years, from t

10、he early stage of research works to the new economics of brain drain theory, from the nationalist to the internationalist approach attracting the interest of economists, sociologists or anthropologists, geographers or

11、historians. After the 1990s, a shift in the approach occurred: the emigration of the highly-skilled is not seen as a closed process, but as a circular one, with benefits for both origin and destination countries. * Cor

12、responding author Tel.: +04-076-671-9566. E-mail address: irinaboncea@gmail.com © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.o

13、rg/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Asociatia Grupul Roman de Cercetari in Finante Corporatiste651Irina Boncea / Procedia Economics and Finance 32 ( 2015 ) 649 – 656 3. R

14、esearch design The debate around the brain drain in the medical sector in Romania is not new, our country facing this phenomenon since the fall of the communism. The accession to the European Union was anticipated to le

15、ad to an increase of the emigration rate, however, the situation was not as severe as it was expected (WHO, 2011). So far, research on this topic is inconclusive and no measures were adopted mainly due to a lack of ac

16、curate statistical data offering a perspective on the magnitude of the phenomenon. This article aims to tackle the brain drain in the medical sector using as methodology the descriptive analysis of primary data sources

17、. Data sources include statistics obtained from Romanian College of Physicians (2008-2013), statistics obtained from the destination countries and statistics on permanent migration obtained from National Institute of S

18、tatistics. Also, conclusions of qualitative and quantitative research will be used in the attempt of drawing some conclusions. 4. Main findings A first source of data consists in statistics regarding the intention to e

19、migrate among medical doctors obtained from the Romanian College of Physicians and covers the period between 2008 and 2013. The intention to emigrate is measured through the number of requests of Certificates of Good S

20、tanding (CGS). The situation is presented in Table 1. As it can be observed, between 2008 and 2013, a number of 14072 medical doctors intended to leave the country. Of course, the intention to emigrate is not a measure

21、 of the real situation of the medical brain drain rate in Romania. Requesting the CGS is a mandatory step in the emigration process, but not a certitude that the doctor will eventually emigrate in the same year or in t

22、he years to come. Although its limitations, this data can offer a first image regarding the magnitude of the phenomenon. A number of 14072 medical doctors intending to emigrate should raise concern among decision make

23、rs in the health system. With an average emigration rate greater than 3%, for the years 2008-2013, Romania seem to face the brain drain in the medical sector. Table 1. Intention to emigrate among Romanian physicians Y

24、ear No of medical doctors 2008 1155 2009 1401 2010 2879 2011 2982 2012 2460 2013 2995 Total 14072 Source: CMR (2013) However, an analysis of the number of the Romanian medical doctors registered in the main dest

25、ination countries is a necessary step in the attempt of quantifying the brain drain. In this respect, data was collected from different institutions in the most preferred destination countries in the attempt of creatin