高級英語視聽說教程3-文本-unit1、2、3、4

1、APPENDIXA:AUDIOSUnitOneChapter1Anthropology:TheEvolutionofHumanEndeavAnthropology:TheStudyofHumanBeingsTheirCreationsoA.ientationListeningTheGreekwdf“man“is“anthropos“thewdanthropologyhasbeenintheEnglishlanguagefcenturie

2、s.ButjustwhatdoesthewdmeanLiterallyanthropologymeans“thestudyofman.“HoweverasBritishphilosopherAlfredNthWhiteheadnoted“Itisawellfoundedhisticalgeneralizationthatthelastthingtobediscoveredinanyscienceiswhatthescienceisrea

3、llyabout.“asPaulBohannanrenownedanthropologistpointedoutanumberofyearsago“Eachsciencethatdealswithpeoplehasitsowndefinitionsofhuman.AnEconomist“heexplains“definesahumanasachoicemakinganimal.Philosophersdefinemanasaration

4、alizinganimal....“Anthropologyattemptstobeallinclusivethestudyofhumanbehaviinallplacesthroughouttime.Itspecializesinthedeionofhumanisticscientificbiologicalhisticalpsychologicalsocialviewsofhumans.ToparaphraseBarbaraMill

5、ersstatementinhertextbookCulturalAnthropologythepopularimpressionofanthropologyisbasedmainlyonmoviestelevisionshowsthatdepictanthropologistsasadventurersheroes.SomedohaveadventuresdiscovertreasuresinEgyptiantombselsewher

6、ebutmostlytheirwkislessglamousinvolvesrepetitivetediousactivities.Untilaroundthedleofthenieenthcenturyanthropologywasatermusedfallhumanists.Mylecturetodayexplainsthefieldsbranchesofanthropology.Weregoingtobeginbystatingt

7、hatanthropologyisthestudyofhumanbehaviinallplacesatalltimes.Westerncivilizationtakescreditfthedevelopmentofanthropologywhichasamatteroffactwasarelativelylatescience.EarlierGreekRomanphilosophersweremeinterestedinspeculat

8、ingabouttheidealsocietyratherthandescribingthoseknowntothem.AftertheonsetoftheAgeofExplationwhichincludedthediscoveryoftheAmericasaswellastraveltootherdistantplacesthestudyofnonWesternpeoplebeganinearnest.Inmoderndayanth

9、ropologyisarecognizedsocialsciencewithtwobroadfieldsseveralbranchessubfields.Thetwobroadfieldsarephysicalanthropologyculturalanthropology.Letmegiveyouabriefdeionofeach.Physicalanthropologyisconcernedwiththedevelopmentofm

10、anasamammal.Relatedsubjectsareanatomybiologypaleontology.Physicalanthropologistsstudytheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Onewaytheycurats.Butfthepastseveraldecadeslargenumbersof“anthro“graduateshavebeenemployedinfieldssuchasur

11、banplanningadministrationhealthcareinternationaldevelopment.Mostimptantisthatalthoughanthropologistshavetakenupthetaskofdocumentingtheprocesseschangesofculturespastpresenttheyalsoprovidethenecessaryinsightsintowherethehu

12、manspeciesisheading.AUDIOS133Chapter1Anthropology:TheStudyofHumanBeingsTheirCreationsoB.ListeningNotetakingTheGreekwdf“man“is“anthropos“thewdanthropologyhasbeenintheEnglishlanguagefcenturies.ButjustwhatdoesthewdmeanLiter

13、allyanthropologymeans“thestudyofman.“HoweverasBritishphilosopherAlfredNthWhiteheadnoted“Itisawellfoundedhisticalgeneralizationthatthelastthingtobediscoveredinanyscienceiswhatthescienceisreallyabout.“asPaulBohannanrenowne

14、danthropologistpointedoutanumberofyearsago“Eachsciencethatdealswithpeoplehasitsowndefinitionsofhuman.AnEconomist“heexplains“definesahumanasachoicemakinganimal.Philosophersdefinemanasarationalizinganimal....“Anthropologya

15、ttemptstobeallinclusivethestudyofhumanbehaviinallplacesthroughouttime.Itspecializesinthedeionofhumanisticscientificbiologicalhisticalpsychologicalsocialviewsofhumans.Letsreviewsomeoftheinfmationyoujustheardtohelpyouwithy

16、ournotetaking.Checkyournotesfillinanyinfmationyoudidnthavetimetotakedownthefirsttimeyouheardit.Ifyoudidntgetachancetowritedownallthatyouwantedtowritedowndidyouatleastmakesomenotationssothatyoucouldreviewthenoteslatercomp

17、letethemissinginfmation.Letssee.ThelecturerbeganwiththeGreekwdfman.Didyougetthespellingofanthropos!Itsantbtopos.Sowhatisthemeaningofanthropology!Literallyitisthestudyofman.WhatwasthenameoftheBritishphilosopher!Didyougeth

18、isfullname!AlfredNthWhitehead.Whatwashismessageaboutscience!Hesaidthelastthingtobediscoveredinanyscienceiswhatitisreallyabout.IsPaulBohannanaphysicalsocialanthropologist!Yourecrectifyouwrotesocial.Nowletsreturntothelectu

19、re.ToparaphraseBarbaraMillersstatementinhertextbookCulturalAnthropologythepopularimpressionofanthropologyisbasedmainlyonmoviestelevisionshowsthatdepictanthropologistsasadventurersheroes.Somedohaveadventuresdiscovertreasu

20、resinEgyptiantombselsewherebutmostlytheirwkislessglamousinvolvesrepetitivetediousactivities.Untilaroundthedleofthenieenthcenturyanthropologywasatermusedfallhumanists.Mylecturetodayexplainsthefieldsbranchesofanthropology.