使用一個(gè)企業(yè)的投入產(chǎn)出模型分析產(chǎn)業(yè)集群中的物流【外文翻譯】

1、外文翻譯原文AnalyzingLogisticsFlowsinIndustrialClustersUsinganEnterpriseInputOutputModelMaterialSource:InterdisciplinaryInfmationSciencesAuth:VitoALBINOSilvanaKUHTZAntonioMessemPETRUZZELLI1Introduction1.1IndustrialclustersIndu

2、strialclustersprovideaninterestingexampleoflocalsystemsofproductiontryingtofaceglobalcompetition(PieSabel1984Pter1989Krugman1991Markusen1996).Clustersaregeographicconcentrationsofinterconnectedcompaniesspecializedsupplie

3、rsserviceprovidersfirmsinrelatedindustriesassociatedinstitutionsinaparticularfieldthatcompetebutalsocooperate(Pter1998).Clustersmaypresentdifferentconfigurations:theirlocationganizationvaryfromrelativelyconfinedareastocl

4、ustersthattranscendlocalplanningauthitiesareasevenregionalboundaries.ReferringtothetermindustrialdistrictMarkusen(1996)distinguishesfourtypesofclusters:(i)Marshallianindustrialdistrictsregionswherethebusinessstructureisc

5、omprisedofsmalllocallyownedfirmsthatmakeinvestmentproductiondecisionslocallytheItalianatevariantoftheMarshallianindustrialdistrictmodelmainlyacterisedbythefactthatfirmsconsciouslywkwitheachothertosolveproblems(ii)hubspok

6、eindustrialdistrictspresentinregionswhereanumberofkeyfirmsfacilitiesactasanchshubstotheregionaleconomywithsuppliersrelatedactivitiesspreadoutaroundthemlikespokesofawheel(iii)satelliteplatfmacongregationofbranchfacilities

7、ofexternallybasedmultiplantfirms(iv)stateanchedindustrialdistrictwhereapublicnonprofitentitybeitamilitarybaseauniversityaconcentrationofgovernmentofficesisakeyanchtenantinthedistrict.Anywayevenintheglobalizationeraaclust

8、erissomehowaconcentrationofatanigindestinationtransptationlosesitspurposethuscannottakeplace(Bamfd2001).Transptationisconsequentlyanactivitywhichisdependentonotheractivitiesanauxiliaryfunctionmuchlikeaservice.Fairlyunnot

9、icedfromtheeconomicgeographytransptcommunitytherehasbeenagrowingbodyofevidencethatquestionsthisceconcept.Ithasbeenarguedthatcontemparydevelopmentsinfreightdistributionunderlineanewdynamicenvironmentoftenglobalinscalewhic

10、hchallengestheconceptualizationoftransptationasaderiveddem(HesseRodrigue2004).Logisticsisthusmethanafunctionalchangeinfreightdistributionsincetheparadigmitprovideschangesthestructureofdistributionitself.Itmustbereadilyac

11、knowledgedthatthefunctionsofproductionconsumptiondistributionhavebecomecloselyembeddedmakingtheirrespectivedifferentiationproblematic.Theemergenceoftimeconstraineddistributionsystems(i.e.justintime)ismainlytheresultsofpr

12、essuresfrommanufacturingretailingactivitiesseekingtoimproveefficiencyproductivity.Thereductionoftransptcostshelpedthisprocessbutparadoxicallyastransptcostsinventylevelspedthevalueoftimeincreased.Thecertaintyoftimebecomes

13、asimptantastheshtnessoftimeindistribution(Ctright2001).Integratedtransptdemimpliesanewgeographyoflogisticswhichhasimplicationsffreightplanningfecastingmodels.Logisticstransptationactivitieshaveaparticularimptancealsoinsm

14、allenterprisesystemswhereproductiveactivitiesresidencesareremarkablydiffusedthisresultsinhighmobilityenvironmentalproblems.ButhisticallylogisticshasbeenconsideredanissuedeservingmodestpriityinfactSMEsarenotabletomanageth

15、eirlogisticsneeds.Instudiesonthedevelopmentprocessesofindustrialclusterslogisticsdeficienciesareoftenstressedasimptantcausesofcrisislossofcompetitiveness(Lattarulo2001).Thefirmstendtofocusonthecebusiness.Thelackofinteres

16、tflogisticsindicatesaprevailingattentiontocompetitionontheproductsubstantialshtsightednessasfaraspotentialinnovativecompetitivesupplydistributionareconcerned.Butnowadayslogisticsstartstobeseenasavalueaddingprocessthatdir

17、ectlysupptstheprimarygoalofanenterprisewhichhastobecompetitiveintermsofahigherlevelofcustomerservicecompetitivepricequalityflexibilityinresponsetomarketdems.Intheindustrialclustersthegeographicconcentrationofproductionpr