路橋畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--淺析公路路基邊坡防護(hù)

1、<p>　　淺析公路路基邊坡防護(hù)</p><p>　　摘要：本文通過分析公路路基邊坡的破壞形式及原因，分析了路基邊坡防護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)原則，詳細(xì)介紹了公路邊坡的防護(hù)方法，以保證路基的穩(wěn)定和防治各種路基病害，確保公路的正常使用品質(zhì)及投資效益。 </p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：公路 路基 邊坡 防護(hù)</p><p>　　路基防護(hù)是保證路基強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性的重要措施之一,防護(hù)的

2、重點(diǎn)是路基邊坡,由于地形的變化,適路設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高與天然地面標(biāo)高的相互關(guān)系不同,會(huì)出現(xiàn)高于天然地面的填方路基即路堤、低于天然地面的挖方路基即路塹和介于前兩者之間的半填半挖路基。由巖土體填挖而成的路基,改變了原地層的天然平衡狀態(tài),且暴露于自然環(huán)境中,長(zhǎng)期受各種自然因素的影響,巖土體的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)會(huì)發(fā)生較大的變化,引起巖土體變形、移動(dòng),破壞邊坡的穩(wěn)定,甚至導(dǎo)致一系列環(huán)境地質(zhì)問題和生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,如崩塌滑坡、泥石流、土壤侵蝕和植被破壞等。因此為保證路

3、基的穩(wěn)定和防治各種路基病害,除做好路基排水工作外,還需結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)厮?、地質(zhì)及材料等情況,采取有效措施,對(duì)各類土、石邊坡進(jìn)行必要的防護(hù)。 　　一、邊坡破壞形式及原因 　　路基邊坡的滑塌是最常見的路基病害之一,根據(jù)邊坡土質(zhì)類別、破壞原因和規(guī)模不同,主要破壞形式為溜方、滑坡、剝落和碎落崩塌四種。溜方是由于少量土體沿土質(zhì)邊坡向下移動(dòng)所形成,即邊坡上薄的表層土下溜,通常是由于降水、降雨等流動(dòng)水沖刷邊坡或施工不當(dāng)而引起的?；?/p>

4、是指一部分土體在重力作用下沿邊坡的某一滑動(dòng)面滑動(dòng),主要是因土體的穩(wěn)定性不足引起的。路堤邊</p><p>　　3.干砌片石。干砌片石適用于保護(hù)邊坡免受大氣降水和地面徑流的侵害,以及保護(hù)浸水路堤邊坡免受水流沖刷。對(duì)嚴(yán)重潮濕或有凍害的路段、長(zhǎng)期承受主動(dòng)土壓力地段一般不宜采用干砌片石防護(hù),可用于下邊坡中的土質(zhì)邊坡防護(hù),坡度為1:1.5-1:2。 　　4.漿砌片石。漿砌片石設(shè)置在浸水路堤及可能發(fā)生坡面被沖刷的

5、土質(zhì)邊坡,應(yīng)做好排水與防護(hù)的結(jié)合,否則不宜采用。當(dāng)水流速度較大時(shí)(如4-5m/s),波浪作用較強(qiáng),以及河流可能有流木及其他撞擊物等沖擊作用時(shí),宜采用漿砌片石防護(hù),必要時(shí)可與浸水擋墻或護(hù)面墻同時(shí)設(shè)置。漿砌片石護(hù)坡優(yōu)點(diǎn)是耐久性較好,適宜防護(hù)不同控制邊坡中的巖土層和不同位置的邊坡,且造價(jià)適中,故適用于上下邊坡中的一般坡面。 　　5.拱式、網(wǎng)格防護(hù)。這種防護(hù)方式克服了魚鱗狀砌石防護(hù)排水抗沖刷能力弱和污工量大的特點(diǎn),最大限度地綠化坡面

6、,外觀較好,在高填方、長(zhǎng)直線的護(hù)坡段,能達(dá)到美化、綠化的雙重效果,是近年來公路防護(hù)常用的方法之一。缺點(diǎn)是施上較繁瑣,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大,對(duì)坡面要求嚴(yán)格,拱內(nèi)必須填土植草或進(jìn)行其他工程防護(hù),否則易被雨水沖蝕。 　　6.預(yù)制塊鋪砌防護(hù)。這是目前高速公路上應(yīng)用較多的護(hù)坡方法之一,由于預(yù)</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1]黃建明.淺析

7、高速公路路基邊坡防護(hù)的施工-以甬金分離立交橋6#、7#墩施工為例[J].科技創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)報(bào),2009,(2):.</p><p>　　[2]鈕震雨 余俊美.淺探公路工程質(zhì)量通病及其預(yù)控措施[J].江西建材,2007,(4):.</p><p>　　[3]于躍 王慧賢 安震.高速公路路基邊坡防護(hù)淺析[J].黑龍江交通科技,2007,(12):12,14.</p><p>　

8、　According to the highway subgrade slope protection</p><p>　　[abstract] this article through the analysis of road foundation slope failure forms and reasons, analyzes the roadbed slope protection design prin

9、ciples, detailed introduces the highway slope protection method, in order to guarantee the stability of roadbed and prevention and control of all kinds of roadbed disease, to ensure the normal use of the highway quality

10、and benefit of investment</p><p>　　[key words] highway subgrade slope protection</p><p>　　Roadbed protection is to guarantee the stability of roadbed strength and one of the important measures,

11、protection is the focus of the embankment slope, the change of the terrain, ShiLu design elevation and natural ground conductivity of the relationship between different, there will be higher than that of the natural grou

12、nd embankment fill subgrade construction of the ground below natural excavated one that cut and between the two and a half between fill subgrade in geotechnical engineering by </p><p>　　Firstly,a slope failu

13、re forms and reasons</p><p>　　Embankment slope of the slump is one of the most common roadbed disease, according to slope soil category damage reason and scale is different, the main failure form of slip par

14、ty peel and broken down landslide collapse four slip party is due to a small soil slope moves down along the soil formed, namely the slope of thin surface soil slip under, it is often due to rainfall precipitation and fl

15、owing water erosion caused by improper slope or construction of the landslide is refers to the part of </p><p>　　second ，Embankment slope protection design principles</p><p>　　Highway slope dist

16、ribution along the road of the range, the destruction of the environment of natural range, if in the protection, and can also pay attention to protect the environment and create the environment, the adoption of appropria

17、te green protective method, can make highway has safe and comfortable and beautiful in harmony with the environment and other characteristics, which will create considerable economic benefit and social benefit of ecologi

18、cal benefit so, slope design should follow</p><p>　　thirdly，embankment slope protection method</p><p>　　1.The plant grass protection plant protection in the slope is planted on grass or trees to

19、 slow down the slope of flow velocity, the use of plant root consolidation of surface soil slope to reduce erosion, so as to achieve the function of the slope protection plant protection not only can beautification highw

20、ay environment, adjust the temperature wet slope, consolidation and the stability of the slope play a role, and simple economic. </p><p>　　Plant grass protection should choose the root system develo

21、ped stem short and leafy drought tolerant grass seed, it is strictly prohibited to the growth in mud to clear the implanted directly into the grass slope protection method are as follows: firstly, in the soil slope surfa

22、ce water mixing with seed fertilizer, direct sprayed in the slope surface, the advantage is simple convenient construction cost is low, but vulnerable to wind erosion; Secondly, in dressing good slope surface, will clay

23、f</p><p>　　2. Engineering protection engineering protection is mainly aimed at not suitable for the growth of plant soil slope excavation or weathering fill joints growth of serious adverse rock embankment s

24、lope, take engineering protection measures that is setting artificial slope protection.</p><p>　　3. Do PianShi build by laying bricks or stones do build by laying bricks or stones PianShi is designed to prot

25、ect the slope from atmospheric precipitation and runoff violations, and protect water embankment slope from flow erosion of severe cold wet or sections of long-term bear active earth pressure area should not be commonly

26、use dry build by laying bricks or stones PianShi protection, and can be used in the soil slope under the slope protection, slope of 1:1. 5-2-1..</p><p>　　4. Pulp PianShi plasma build by laying bricks or ston

27、es PianShi build by laying bricks or stones set in immersion embankment and possible washed the soil slope surface slope, should do well in the combination of drainage and protection, otherwise not be used as the water v

28、elocity is (such as in 4-5 m/s), wave action is stronger, and rivers flow and other wood may have hit content to wait impact, appropriate USES plasma build by laying bricks or stones PianShi protection, when necessary an

29、d water</p><p>　　5. Arch type grid protection this protection way been overcome the QiShi protection drainage anti-scouring ability weak and the large amount of work the characteristics, the maximum slope gr

30、eening, appearance is better, in long lines of the high fill slope section, can achieve beautification greening double effect, road protection in recent years is the commonly used method shortcoming is one of the more te

31、dious;, labor strength, strict requirements on slope surface, within the filled soil arch </p><p>　　6. Precast block slabs protection this is the current highway slope protection method widely applied one, b

32、ecause of the specifications of the precast block consistent, easy construction, neat appearance, minimizes the slope protection on plant grass greening dependence, even if the slope greening the result is bad, it is not

33、 easy to cause too serious erosion phenomenon, so, at the moment, most of the highway that way, defect is cost is high, difficult construction.</p><p>　　7. Jet concrete protective jet concrete method into me

34、at spray method and shotcreting method for directly spray method, high standard in the formation of the mortar injection roughly sheared off, make easy to loose particles slope stably, ensure running and pedestrian safet

35、y it used for surface layer of rock bolting and easy to loose by law, the working principle is to use sliding body will be fixed in the mountain, the mountain to the constraints of sliding, and in the sliding body surfac

36、e anch</p><p>　　In addition, the slope destruction for serious, such as a landslide and collapse may appear instability, etc, must adopt corresponding measures to ensure the stability of the slope (strength)

37、 and safety (deformation) according to slope of bad engineering geological characteristics of the landslide reinforcement management and protection and the features of the project, the main selection applicability is eas

38、y to operation of small negative effect on the engineering measures, such as anti-slide p</p><p>　　References:</p><p>　　[1] HuangJianMing. According to the highway subgrade construction of the s

39、ide slope protection in highway overpass 6 gold separation # 7 # pier construction, for example [J]. Science and technology innovation herald, 2009, (2).</p><p>　　[2] NiuZhenYu, the more beautiful. Shallow g

40、round the highway engineering quality problems and its control counter measures [J]. Jiangxi building materials, 2007, (4).</p><p>　　[3] to jump, WangHuiXian, AnZhen. Highway subgrade shallow slope protectio