煤礦開采外文翻譯--關(guān)于工作面煤塵控制的研究

1、<p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p>　　關(guān)于工作面煤塵控制的研究</p><p><b>　　羅伯特和喬治</b></p><p><b>　　介紹</b></p><p>　　自從1969年聯(lián)邦煤礦健康和安全行為通過，礦務(wù)局一直積極研究煤塵的吸入。直

2、到數(shù)年前，主要研究計劃是發(fā)展和完善防塵的新技術(shù)，減少礦工吸入灰塵和連續(xù)開采方法等方面。由于礦務(wù)局、煤礦安全和健康管理局(MSHA)的努力，煤炭工業(yè)在降低塵埃方面取得了重大進(jìn)展， 已經(jīng)由1969年為500毫克/立方米下降現(xiàn)在不到2毫克/立方米。這些東西多少反映了近年來MSHA發(fā)表幫助的數(shù)量。根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)表明，目前至少95個礦業(yè)和傳統(tǒng)各部門一直在遵守聯(lián)邦煤礦健康和安全行為。</p><p>　　雖然這是一個了不起的成就，

3、但是幾種采礦類型主要是用長壁開采方法，很難繼續(xù)遵守現(xiàn)有的2毫克/立方米的聯(lián)邦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一般情況下，超過50%的長壁超過了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其中約三分之二的部分采用雙滾筒割煤。 因此，在過去幾年中，吸入煤塵的重點問題已經(jīng)由長壁煤塵問題轉(zhuǎn)向更多地利用這一方法開采。 這種趨勢是因為需要提高生產(chǎn)力，滿足不斷增加的煤炭需求。除非制定和實施有效的控制粉塵，否則人們將意識不到這一有潛力的和高效采煤方法的煤塵問題。礦務(wù)局的研究成功表明成本效益工程確實是發(fā)展水平長壁減少

4、煤塵作業(yè)。 此外，更準(zhǔn)確的監(jiān)測設(shè)備緩解這個問題是非常有效的。監(jiān)測設(shè)備通常設(shè)置4至6英尺面對角從而最大限度地避免滾筒的干擾。濃度監(jiān)測與無屏顯示表明在1950年至1960年這一階段可以減少操作員暴露在煤塵中。</p><p><b>　　傳送帶屏幕</b></p><p>　　總的來說，長壁滾筒煤塵的暴露最主要原因是公司的機器本身。表面的煤塵很大程度上取決于煤塵如何迅速蔓

5、延。傳送帶屏幕一定放在機器本身可以提高對空氣清凈并方便滾筒操作的位置。</p><p>　　一個有效的傳送帶監(jiān)測屏幕進(jìn)行四個長壁采礦作業(yè)的監(jiān)控。在一般情況下，當(dāng)采煤機割煤時，減少煤塵的吸入取決于操作者的位置，瞬間煤塵的測量顯示，煤塵需要被使用在孤立的地區(qū)。然而，大部分的滾筒操作員適合安裝某種屏幕，這將進(jìn)一步減少在機器旁通道的煤塵。 合理地放置噴水槍將在下一節(jié)討論。</p><p><

6、b>　　改善用水</b></p><p>　　主要方法是應(yīng)用水對煤炭粉塵進(jìn)行控制。 適當(dāng)數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的水送到一個完善的節(jié)水噴水系統(tǒng)上，能有效控制長壁開采的煤塵。許多操作員，由于沒有合理的供水系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)致對滾筒產(chǎn)生的煤塵不能有效控制。</p><p><b>　　優(yōu)化供水</b></p><p>　　改進(jìn)主要供水系統(tǒng)可以大量減少長壁

7、工作面的煤塵?？梢酝ㄟ^以下方面:(1)增加泵能力增加流量、壓力、(2)改進(jìn)管道的型號額減少壓力損失，減少故障維修，(3)通過安裝了過濾系統(tǒng)改善水質(zhì)。</p><p>　　最佳供水系統(tǒng)應(yīng)包括3或4英寸口徑的助推器泵輸送線能夠提供1000帕的高壓。供水底硬管至少應(yīng)應(yīng)該1-1/2英寸直徑。這些線路型號的建議將實現(xiàn)水流量、壓力的改善。</p><p>　　利用良好的過濾系統(tǒng)與水質(zhì)改善的前提是有效的

8、防塵噴水系統(tǒng)。 礦務(wù)局 已經(jīng)發(fā)展了這種過濾系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，是一個商業(yè)可能使1/8英尺減為60毫克/立方米。這一系統(tǒng)應(yīng)裝設(shè)流量計和壓力隨軌距年底供水管道。</p><p><b>　　滾筒噴水系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　礦務(wù)局研究表明， 滾筒操作員吸入煤塵很大程度上取決于煤塵如何迅速蔓延。在滾筒上噴水可能在降低煤塵有很大的作用因為水槍把滾筒附近的煤塵移

9、走。簡單的噴水系統(tǒng)，尤其是噴嘴想上將會激起更多的煤塵，甚至比他們移走的更多。這研究的結(jié)果導(dǎo)致了一個被稱為“滾筒清潔工”的新型的噴水系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展</p><p>　　新型噴水系統(tǒng)把周圍空氣的污染清潔出去。煤塵只是附近的煤面，而滾筒操作員留在清理機器旁邊。這個硬件是便宜的，可以在簡單的移動中安裝。它包括若干方法進(jìn)行灑水，一個或者更多的被動或障礙。這一系統(tǒng)已詳述了礦務(wù)局的技術(shù)。</p><p>　

10、　到目前為止，這三個地下系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行評估，一個在北西弗吉尼亞，一個在南伊利諾伊、一個在賓夕法尼亞州和一個賓夕法尼亞。 第四，目前正在南猶他州煤礦進(jìn)行示范。 結(jié)果表明，在滾筒操作崗位百分之50至60之間的煤塵吸入兩減少。 與先前的改善供水系統(tǒng)想比，這10種長壁粉塵控制技術(shù)可將減少的粉塵到百分之70至85。</p><p>　　改善的噴水系統(tǒng)，可將工作面進(jìn)行灑水降溫。 面對這種空氣流通格局，建立立了空中噴射系統(tǒng)，空中噴水

11、對于簡單的轉(zhuǎn)彎和回轉(zhuǎn)滾筒，使煤塵帶入人行道。</p><p>　　冷卻水噴出的方向應(yīng)該是多方面的，噴灑直線下降到了底線。 這一修改可能造成在操作者崗位減少吸入粉塵。 此外，空氣流通不良工作面噴水將會減少。因此，增加水的正確方向可以減少煤塵的來源。</p><p>　　最后，如果要達(dá)到有效控制煤塵選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膰婎^類型是很重要的。根據(jù)礦務(wù)局最近完成的研究，以確定降低煤塵含量最常用燒嘴噴水。這些結(jié)

12、果表明， 雖然因為早期弄污受到環(huán)境限，這種噴嘴為清洗煤塵提供了最好的用水。全椎體、S輔助在同樣的條件下噴灑洗刷煤塵的水平均為空心的錐體燒嘴效率的三分之二。 其他空心的錐體燒嘴的優(yōu)點包括能夠提供大約100-150帕的合理壓力，較低的傾向，比其他類型的燒嘴降低水流率。</p><p><b>　　改善切割參數(shù)</b></p><p>　　煤塵的主要來源是采煤工作面的切割作

13、業(yè)。任何在采煤機旁邊的工作人員都將暴露在機器產(chǎn)生的大量煤塵中。但是，修改設(shè)計切割機參數(shù)可以有效減少大部分工作人員的煤塵吸入量。</p><p><b>　　減慢深切割速度</b></p><p>　　英國國家煤炭管理局礦業(yè)研究與開發(fā)機構(gòu)和美國的礦務(wù)局的研究顯示減慢深切割速度可大大減少在采煤中產(chǎn)生的煤塵。在深截深采煤的同時，減少了一定的能源需求，減少采煤工作面的面積，產(chǎn)

14、生的煤塵和采煤機的用電量也都減少。 </p><p>　　礦務(wù)局最近進(jìn)行了實地試驗表明了雙滾筒采煤機的截深和煤塵產(chǎn)生量的關(guān)系。 試驗結(jié)果呼吁通過改變采煤的速度來改變截深。</p><p><b>　　改變單向切割順序</b></p><p>　　目前，75%的雙滾筒采煤機采用單向切割順序。這些設(shè)備中的一半采用從工作面的開始到工作面的尾部，應(yīng)用了

15、先進(jìn)的頂板支護(hù)技術(shù)。這種操作方法中，由采煤機產(chǎn)生的煤塵可以蔓延到巷道，增加了吸入煤塵的量。礦務(wù)局還發(fā)展出一個新的、衡量和評價策略。 這一策略已成為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將列入未來所有煤礦的評價。 本文針對長壁采煤的防塵，目前還有其他方面的研究，旨在最終解決長壁灰塵問題。 </p><p><b>　　近來長壁采煤的防塵</b></p><p>　　礦務(wù)局已明確的表明，盡量控制著工

16、人的吸入煤塵的問題。解決這些問題措施包括改善通風(fēng)技術(shù)、優(yōu)化供水和噴嘴的噴灌系統(tǒng)，提高切割參數(shù)。</p><p><b>　　改善工作面通風(fēng)技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　在所有的采礦方法中，通風(fēng)方式是控制煤塵的主要方法。提供足夠的新鮮空氣來稀釋采煤中產(chǎn)生的煤塵，防止煤塵的蔓延是長壁采煤工作的主要方法。</p><p><b>　　一

17、定風(fēng)窗</b></p><p>　　具體地說，損失一定的空氣進(jìn)入工作面，使得現(xiàn)有的空氣換成新鮮空氣。工作面的空氣充滿了煤塵，從而加劇了長壁工作面的煤塵問題。一個簡單、廉價而有效的防塵技術(shù)就是在支護(hù)的面上安裝風(fēng)窗</p><p><b>　　端頭風(fēng)窗</b></p><p>　　在很多長壁采煤工作面中，空氣流通的主要錯誤是有助于提高煤

18、塵。當(dāng)采煤機割入煤體，采煤機暴露在重要的通風(fēng)道上。高速空氣流通過采煤機，吹起了大量的煤塵，然后吹向采煤機操作員。為了改變這一現(xiàn)狀，在切割煤在頭部至尾部及底部煤炭的時候從采煤機尾部至頭部清理，操作者能夠在工作中攝取空中的新鮮空氣。這一改變可使采煤中操作者吸入煤塵量大量減少。這種修改目前只適用于長壁采煤中單向切割。</p><p><b>　　衡量和評價</b></p><p

19、>　　傳統(tǒng)上，一直使用的重力采樣法及執(zhí)法人員研究測量地下的煤礦的吸入煤塵濃度。 這些執(zhí)法人員操作的全部轉(zhuǎn)移，產(chǎn)生時間加權(quán)平均濃度。 這種方法用來監(jiān)測評估符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粉塵，以及評估塵源，嚴(yán)重粉塵控制技術(shù)的有效性。而這種做法是最適當(dāng)?shù)娜哭D(zhuǎn)移暴露地下操作員的煤塵。于是，一些礦務(wù)局提供更好的策略，并使用長壁儀器用于采礦作業(yè)。</p><p><b>　　迅速測量</b></p>&

20、lt;p>　　這種方法之一就是用粉塵監(jiān)測局制訂的技術(shù)和描述獲得實時測量的塵埃。 使用這種工具提供免費、快速讀數(shù)與重力測量，使二者結(jié)合得比較好。兩個樣本已開發(fā)利用的戰(zhàn)略和長壁業(yè)務(wù)。在這個特殊的運作，大大增加了暴露在煤塵中的操作者8小時平均吸入粉塵計量。礦務(wù)局最近開發(fā)一種簡單、廉價的采樣和記錄策略，基于短期重力取樣。 通過這種技術(shù)利用重力取樣設(shè)備已經(jīng)向所有的礦務(wù)局推廣。應(yīng)用這種技術(shù)可以是測量人員和工作人員增加安全性。</p>

21、;<p><b>　　新型噴水系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　這些先進(jìn)的粉塵采樣策略和儀器使評估長壁煤塵塵源的控制方面的技術(shù)取得了重大進(jìn)步。這些技術(shù)已成為一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，將被列入評價礦務(wù)局的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。另外，由于其簡單而有效，這種技術(shù)也可用于采煤工作人員個人來控制長壁煤塵。</p><p><b>　　目前研究領(lǐng)域</b></p>

22、<p>　　雖然取得了顯著進(jìn)展，并在發(fā)展中記載了若干長壁煤塵控制技術(shù)，但是由于其規(guī)模和復(fù)雜性，在應(yīng)用雙滾筒采煤機時吸入粉塵的控制仍然是最關(guān)鍵的問題，。 針對這個問題，礦務(wù)局正積極進(jìn)行規(guī)劃設(shè)計開發(fā)，并提供必要的技術(shù)，使煤礦的長壁煤塵符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而有不影響煤炭生產(chǎn)。 以下概述目前正在努力研究，在短期內(nèi)有重大影響的措施。</p><p><b>　　采煤機回收煤塵</b></p&g

23、t;<p>　　粉塵的回收利用被證明在長壁采煤方面是相當(dāng)有效的方法。早期應(yīng)用這些技術(shù)因為一些機械故障而收效甚微。改造現(xiàn)有的機器增加長度在采煤機割煤時導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的問題。這將導(dǎo)致回收機受損而不能進(jìn)行煤塵回收工作。</p><p>　　為了克服這些問題，礦務(wù)局大力開展局設(shè)計、制造、測試及修改雙滾筒采煤機來改進(jìn)采煤機的清洗系統(tǒng)。一個關(guān)于長壁工作面回收和洗滌機械的參數(shù)的測試表明，中央需要采取10000萬單位C

24、FM器。 這些包括:主要通風(fēng)效率高于20，000CFM流時低塵云捕捉量，成本高(即$100)、機械復(fù)雜性和采煤面積大幅度增加。這種在采煤機本身的洗滌沒有采取切實可行的措施來減輕長壁工作面的粉塵問題</p><p>　　這一計劃的主要內(nèi)容是把運用水動力來吸煤塵。這些低費用，小規(guī)模、高可靠性裝置如采煤機、通風(fēng)設(shè)施和噴水設(shè)備正在進(jìn)行評估。</p><p>　　迄今為止實驗室進(jìn)行評估顯示，在采掘和

25、通風(fēng)方面控制煤塵是非常有效的。 然而，開采控制煤塵的效率大大低于通風(fēng)的效率。這些裝置采用水動力使空氣流動。通風(fēng)裝置是一個空心的頭，還有一個向多方噴水的噴頭。通風(fēng)裝置包括管道裝在通風(fēng)樞紐的噴水裝置。這些裝置利用灑水清潔帶有煤塵的空氣。</p><p>　　雖然有研究表明，當(dāng)噴水器在采煤機割煤時在減少煤塵方面的作用受到限制， 現(xiàn)場操作器必須安置在塵源順風(fēng)的方向，因此不能適用于雙向割煤。這些裝置的性能高度依賴初級通風(fēng)氣

26、流率，其次是對噴水系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　有關(guān)部門將繼續(xù)努力優(yōu)化對通風(fēng)效率來更好地控制粉塵。 此外，現(xiàn)場評價裝置仍將確定最佳的地點和操作范圍來有效利用這一技術(shù)控制粉塵。</p><p><b>　　評價長壁塵源</b></p><p>　　在此以前國外的研究曾發(fā)現(xiàn)，有必要把不同煤塵來源加一分析，為長壁煤塵控制提供了可靠的決策依據(jù)和戰(zhàn)略問題的

27、研究。根據(jù)這項研究，目前正在礦務(wù)局正在進(jìn)行會議。其目的是確定并量化在長壁采煤過程中產(chǎn)生煤塵的各主要生產(chǎn)要素。</p><p>　　一項地下評價最近完成了。在這次調(diào)查的數(shù)據(jù)分析，使煤塵的來源加以了確定:割煤過程、頂板支護(hù)、運輸過程、裝載機、煤塵污染水平。此外，對別的部門的循環(huán)如：割煤盡頭、割煤到工作面尾部、減少支撐將進(jìn)行評估。 最后，假定采煤過程是采煤工作面最重要煤塵來源。有關(guān)部門將作出努力，以確定清理、割煤、通風(fēng)

28、過程中的煤塵。</p><p><b>　　對工程影響范圍</b></p><p><b>　　吸入粉塵控制</b></p><p>　　雖然已經(jīng)花費了巨大的努力來確定能防塵的最佳操作參數(shù)、效率的變化，但是這些變化并沒有準(zhǔn)確的記錄。 此外，各種互動均衡防塵技術(shù)尚未得到充分界定。</p><p>　　

29、礦務(wù)局由于認(rèn)識到需要的文件資料，特別是考慮到吸入粉塵控制計劃需要各煤礦的操作，這種研究工作仍在進(jìn)行中。 這項計劃的重點是針對最近的長壁采礦作業(yè)。</p><p>　　這一計劃的目標(biāo)是確定粉塵控制計劃中規(guī)定對采煤工作面吸入煤塵工人的影響。</p><p>　　到目前為止，已經(jīng)對MSHA長壁煤塵的吸入的調(diào)查進(jìn)行了廣泛的分析。分析結(jié)果表明，無論采煤操作者和其他工人的煤塵吸入量與氣流變化(數(shù)量、速

30、度和壓力)、水(壓力)參數(shù)有直接的關(guān)系。 剩下的工作將集中在廣泛的長壁工作面某一方面的調(diào)查，以確定不同的控制工程，來為工人提供一系列相應(yīng)的變化煤塵控制。 結(jié)果表明，這項工作最重要的應(yīng)該是確定合理參數(shù)參數(shù)來控制長壁工作面的煤塵。 此外，這一計劃的成果為政府和采煤工業(yè)提供了指導(dǎo)方針，確定了更好的努力解決長壁煤塵問題。</p><p><b>　　防塵調(diào)查研究</b></p><

31、;p>　　迄今為止政府和采煤業(yè)已進(jìn)行了大量的防塵研究。這些研究的結(jié)果是來源于許多而分散的采礦業(yè)，他們正在努力為礦業(yè)制定準(zhǔn)則。該局正在編制與鞏固成果相關(guān)的各項研究的防塵手冊。</p><p>　　手冊為地下采礦作業(yè)提供最新的資料，并給有關(guān)人士提供進(jìn)廣泛的書目詳細(xì)資料，特別是關(guān)于防塵技術(shù)方面的資料。 雖然本手冊對從事長壁防塵工作是非常有益的資源，但是基本資料沒有這方面的有價值的資料背景。</p>

32、<p>　　由于許多公司都難以控制長壁采煤的粉塵，所以該手冊將特別重視長壁防塵。 這些資料將有助于制定長壁粉塵控制系統(tǒng)。 此外，控制技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟利益的比較將會討論。 這本手冊將通過國家技術(shù)信息服務(wù)1982年初出版。</p><p><b>　　總結(jié)</b></p><p>　　過去的許多年里，礦務(wù)局已經(jīng)成功地發(fā)展和闡明了大量有效的長壁工作面煤塵控制技術(shù)。利用這

33、些措施將降低煤塵的含量，減少對采煤工作面工人的健康的危害。為了這些措施的實現(xiàn)，礦務(wù)局將繼續(xù)制定一個煤塵控制研究的方案。這項計劃的目標(biāo)是發(fā)展科技，使長壁采煤工人遵守這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，從而發(fā)揮這項采煤方法的潛在生產(chǎn)力。</p><p>　　摘自第13屆美國煤礦衛(wèi)生、安全研究年會文集</p><p>　　附錄B </p><p>　　On t

34、he long wall of coal dust control </p><p>　　Robert and George </p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　Since the 1969 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety act passed, the PBM has been activel

35、y exploring the coal dust inhalation. Until a few years ago, the main research project is to develop and improve the dust of the new technology, reduce respirable dust miners and the continuous mining method, and so on.

36、Since the PBM, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (-MSHA), in the coal industry to reduce dust has made significant progress, have from 500 to 1969 mg / m decline now less than 2 mg / m </p><p>　　Whil

37、e this is a remarkable achievement, but several types of mining is the main longwall mining method, very difficult to comply with the existing 2 mg / cubic meters of federal standards. Under normal circumstances, more th

38、an 50% over the long wall of standards, of which about two-thirds of the double-drum cutting coal. Thus, in the past few years, respirable coal dust of the key issues that has been long wall coal dust problem to a greate

39、r use of this method of mining. This trend is due to the</p><p>　　Conveyor screen</p><p>　　Overall, the long wall of the drum coal dust exposure is the main reason for the machines themselves. D

40、ust the surface of coal dust to a large extent depend on how quickly spread. The conveyor belt will screen on the machine itself can raise the air clean and facilitate the operation of the drum position.</p><p

41、>　　An effective monitoring screen conveyor four longwall mining operations control. Under normal circumstances, when the shearer cutting coal, a decrease of coal dust inhalation depends on the operator's location.

42、 instantaneous measurements show that the coal dust and coal dust need to be used in isolated areas. However, most of the roller operator for the installation of a screen, which will further reduce the access to the mach

43、ine next to coal dust. Reasonable placed water guns will discuss in th</p><p>　　Improve water</p><p>　　Main method is the use of water to control coal dust. The right quantity and quality of wat

44、er to a sound water-saving sprinkler system, can effectively control the longwall mining of coal dust. Many operators, in the absence of reasonable water supply system, leading to the drum coal dust can not be effectivel

45、y controlled. </p><p>　　Optimum water</p><p>　　Improvement of the main water supply system can be reduced greatly longwall face of coal dust. Through the following : (a) the ability to increase

46、pump flow rate, pressure, (2) Improved pipeline models of the reduction in the amount of pressure loss, the failure to reduce maintenance, (3) installation of a filtration system to improve water quality. Best water syst

47、em should include three or four-inch-diameter transmission line booster pump to provide 1,000 Palau pressure. Hard water underground </p><p>　　Good use of the filtration systems and water quality improvement

48、 is a prerequisite for effective dust sprinkler system. The bureau has developed such a filtration system. The system important component part of a business may make 1 / 8 feet reduced to 60 mg / m 3. The system should b

49、e installed in a flow meter and pressure gauge with the end of the water supply pipe. </p><p>　　Drum sprinkler system</p><p>　　Mining Bureau study shows, roller operator coal dust inhalation of

50、coal dust to a large extent depends on how quickly spread. On the water in the drum may reduce coal dust in a significant role because the water gun to put drum near the coal dust removal. Simple, the sprinkler system, i

51、n particular nozzle think there will be more coal dust stirred up even more than they removed more. This research result has been called a "roller cleaners," a new type of sprinkler system of the development of

52、 ne</p><p>　　So far, three underground system for the assessment, one in the North West Virginia, one in Southern Illinois. one in Pennsylvania and one in Pennsylvania. Fourthly, Southern Utah is coal demons

53、tration. The results showed that the drum operational posts from 50 to 60% between the two to reduce coal dust inhalation. With the previous system to improve the water supply ratio, This 10 longwall dust control technol

54、ogy will reduce the dust of 70-85%. Improve the sprinkler system can be conducted face</p><p>　　Finally, if we are to achieve effective control of coal dust choosing the appropriate type of nozzle is very im

55、portant. According to the bureau recently completed study to determine the content of reducing coal dust most commonly used burner nozzles. These results indicate that because of early foul by environmental constraints,

56、such as clean coal dust nozzle provides the best water. CHAIRMAN vertebrae, S support in the same conditions spraying wash coal dust levels are hollow cone nozzle effici</p><p>　　Improve the cutting paramete

57、rs</p><p>　　Coal dust is the major source of the coal face cutting operations. Any Shearer beside the staff will be exposed to the machines produce a lot of coal dust China. However, the revised design cutti

58、ng machine parameters can be most effective in reducing the staff of the amount of coal dust inhalation.</p><p>　　Deep slower cutting speed</p><p>　　British National Coal Mining Research and Dev

59、elopment Authority and the United States PBM studies show deep cutting speed slowed significantly reduce the mining of coal dust. Interception deep in deep mining at the same time, reducing the demand for energy will red

60、uce the coal face of the area, The shearer and coal dust in the power consumption is also reduced. The bureau recently conducted a field test showed a double-drum shearer interception deep and coal dust production relati

61、ons. The result</p><p>　　Cutting order to change the one-way</p><p>　　Currently, 75% of the double-drum shearer one-cutting order. These devices use half of the face from the beginning to face t

62、he tail section, the application of advanced technology supporting the roof. This method of operation, from the coal dust Shearer could spread to the roadway, an increase of the amount of respirable coal dust. The bureau

63、 has also developed a new, measurement and evaluation strategies. This strategy has become the standard will be included in all future coal evaluation. Base</p><p>　　Recently the long wall mining dust</p&

64、gt;<p>　　PBM has clearly demonstrated, as in control of the workers exposed to coal dust problem. Solve these problems include improving ventilation technology, optimizing water and the spray nozzle system to enha

65、nce the cutting parameters. </p><p>　　Face to improve ventilation technology</p><p>　　In all mining methods, ventilation control coal dust is the main method. Provide sufficient fresh air to dil

66、ute the mining of coal dust, coal dust to prevent the spread of long wall mining is the main method.</p><p>　　Certain allowance</p><p>　　Specifically, the loss of the air entering certain face,

67、making existing air replaced by fresh air. Face the air is full of coal dust, thereby exacerbating the longwall face the coal dust problem. A simple, cheap and effective dust control technology is supporting the installa

68、tion of the surface wind shutters.</p><p>　　End allowance</p><p>　　In many longwall coal face, the air flow is the main mistake to raise coal dust. When Shearer cut into the coal, exposed to the

69、 important Shearer ventilation channel. High-speed air flow through Shearer to blow a lot of coal dust, and then swept through the shearer operators. In order to change this situation, the cutting of coal in the head and

70、 the tail to the bottom of the coal shearer from tail to head clear, the operator to work in the air intake of fresh air. This change will enable the ope</p><p>　　Measurement and evaluation</p><p&

71、gt;　　Traditionally, the use of gravity has been sampling and law enforcement personnel study the measurement of underground coal concentration of respirable coal dust. These law enforcement personnel to operate the trans

72、fer of all, have a time-weighted average concentration. This method used to monitor conformity assessment dust, and the assessment of dust sources, severe dust control effectiveness. This approach is the most appropriate

73、 transfer all exposed operators of underground coal dust. Therefo</p><p>　　Rapid measurement</p><p>　　This method is to use one of the Dust Monitoring Directorate and the Technical Description G

74、et real-time measurement of dust. The use of this instrument to provide free, fast reading and gravity measurements, better than a combination of both. Two samples has been developed using the strategic and long-wall bus

75、iness. In this special operation, greatly increasing the exposure to coal dust in the operator's 8-hour average measurement of respirable dust. PBM has recently developed a simple, inexpen</p><p>　　New s

76、prinkler system</p><p>　　These advanced dust sampling strategy and the assessment instrument long wall coal dust to the dust control technology has made significant progress. These technologies have become a

77、 standard will be included in the evaluation of the mining bureau of standards. Moreover, because of its simple and effective, this technique can also be used for mining personal staff to control long wall coal dust.<

78、/p><p>　　The current study area</p><p>　　Although we have achieved significant progress and development recorded in a number of long wall coal dust control technology, However, because of its size

79、and complexity, the application of double-drum shearer at the respirable dust control is the most crucial issue. To address this issue, the bureau is actively planning, design and development, and to provide the necessar

80、y technical, so that the long wall coal mine with coal dust standards are not affected coal production. Following is an over</p><p>　　Shearer recovery of coal dust</p><p>　　Dust recycling proved

81、 to be in a long wall mining is very effective method. Early application of these technologies because of some mechanical problems have little effect. Upgrading existing machinery to increase the length of the coal shear

82、er cutting led to a serious problem. This will lead to the recovery of a damaged and can not take coal dust recovery work. To overcome these problems, the PBM vigorously Bureau design, manufacture, testing and revising t

83、he double-drum shearer Shearer to impro</p><p>　　Although some studies show that when the sprinklers in cutting coal miner at the coal dust to reduce the role restricted Operators scene to be placed in dust

84、downwind direction, it is not applicable to two-way cut coal. The performance of these devices are highly dependent on primary ventilation airflow rate, followed by the sprinkler system. The departments concerned will co

85、ntinue to strive to optimize the efficiency of ventilation to better control dust. In addition, on-site evaluation device </p><p>　　Evaluation of Long-wall dust</p><p>　　In previous studies abro

86、ad have found that it is necessary to include different sources of coal dust plus an analysis, for long wall coal dust control provides a reliable basis for decision-making and strategic issues. According to the study, c

87、urrently under way bureau meeting. Its purpose is to identify and quantify the long wall mining coal dust produced during each of the main factors of production. An underground evaluation recently completed. In the surve

88、y data analysis so that the coal dus</p><p>　　The scope of the project impact</p><p>　　Respirable dust control</p><p>　　Although he had spent a great deal of effort to determine how

89、 dust the optimum operating parameters, efficiency changes But these changes do not have an accurate record. In addition, a range of interactive technology balanced dust yet to be fully defined. PBM recognition of the re

90、quired documents, especially considering that inhaling dust control plan requires the mine's operation, This study is still ongoing. The thrust of the plan is in response to the recent longwall mining operations. The

91、 ai</p><p>　　Dust research</p><p>　　So far the government and the mining has been conducted a lot of research and dust. The results of these studies are many scattered from the mining industry,

92、for their ongoing efforts to develop guidelines for the mining industry. It is being prepared and consolidate the results of the various studies related to the dust manual. Manual for underground mining operations to pro

93、vide the latest information to the people and provide a wide range of detailed bibliographic information, Special dust on </p><p><b>　　Aggregate</b></p><p>　　The past many years, the

94、 bureau has successfully develop and articulate a lot of effective longwall face coal dust control technology. These measures will be used to reduce the content of coal dust, coal mining face to reduce worker health haza

95、rds. To achieve these measures, the PBM will continue to develop a coal-dust control program. The objectives of the project is to develop technology to make long wall coal mining workers to comply with these standards, p