機(jī)械外文資料翻譯---淺談基于現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)理念的機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p>　　淺談基于現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)理念的機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　　由于國內(nèi)、外機(jī)械行業(yè)的激烈競爭,對機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)提出了更高的要求?，F(xiàn)代工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)理念的引入,對提高機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)和加強(qiáng)企業(yè)的競爭性起著重要的作用。本文以數(shù)控機(jī)床為例,分析了該產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)狀,用現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)理念來詮釋機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)。在產(chǎn)品綠色設(shè)計(jì)、人性化設(shè)計(jì)、語意設(shè)計(jì)

2、和品牌建設(shè)方面做了重點(diǎn)分析和論證。 關(guān)鍵詞:現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)理念; 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì); 數(shù)控機(jī)床 </p><p>　　1.機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)狀,以數(shù)控機(jī)床為例</p><p>　　隨著電子信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展,世界機(jī)床業(yè)已進(jìn)入了以數(shù)字化制造技術(shù)為核心的機(jī)電一體化時(shí)代,其中數(shù)控機(jī)床就是代表產(chǎn)品之一。數(shù)控機(jī)床是制造業(yè)的加工母機(jī)和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要基礎(chǔ)。它為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)各個(gè)部門提供裝備和手段,具有無限放大的經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)效應(yīng)。

3、目前,歐、美、日等工業(yè)化國家已先后完成了數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程,而中國從20世紀(jì)80年代開始起步,仍處于發(fā)展階段。 </p><p>　　1.1 對工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的重要性認(rèn)識(shí)不足 </p><p>　　工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是工業(yè)革命的產(chǎn)物,是科學(xué)技術(shù)和文化藝術(shù)多學(xué)科交叉的新興學(xué)科,其核心任務(wù)是產(chǎn)品造型設(shè)計(jì)。對工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的重要性認(rèn)識(shí)的不足,最直接的反映就是產(chǎn)品造型粗放,缺少設(shè)計(jì)感;色彩單調(diào),缺乏時(shí)代性;使用界面混亂

4、,缺乏人文關(guān)懷。中國的機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)在生產(chǎn)和制造上完全不輸給國外的企業(yè),缺少的就是工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的意識(shí)。就市場而言,在功能、性能、質(zhì)量、技術(shù)水平差不多的情況下,產(chǎn)品的造型,色彩,使用的界面的人性化設(shè)計(jì)就顯得越來越重要,甚至直接決定產(chǎn)品的銷售量。英國工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)委員會(huì)1998-1999年度對英國企業(yè)的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)投入與市場收益作比較,該年度采用工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的企業(yè),銷售額平均增長43%;而未采用工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的企業(yè),銷售額平均僅增長15%,企業(yè)對設(shè)計(jì)的前期投資,平均在1

5、5個(gè)月內(nèi)即口收回,有90%的(工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì))項(xiàng)目都獲得了商業(yè)上的成功。這表明:設(shè)計(jì)對于企業(yè)的意義不只是產(chǎn)品表面上的好看,好用,而是實(shí)實(shí)在在的商業(yè)利益。 </p><p>　　1.2 數(shù)控機(jī)床的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)缺少品牌意識(shí)</p><p>　　缺少品牌的意識(shí),基本上是所有行業(yè)的通病,尤其是中小企業(yè),由于大環(huán)境的原因,中小企業(yè)在品牌化的過程中存在著很多客觀的原因,但不管情況怎么樣,品牌化是一個(gè)必經(jīng)之路。1

6、992 年,鄧小平在南巡講話中鼓勵(lì)中國企業(yè):“我們應(yīng)該有自己的拳頭產(chǎn)品,擁有中國自己的品牌;否則就要受人欺負(fù)”。數(shù)控機(jī)床生產(chǎn)企業(yè)也是一樣,多數(shù)的企業(yè)還是缺乏這方面的意識(shí)。具體表現(xiàn)在: </p><p>　　1.2.1 產(chǎn)品的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)缺乏企業(yè)策略性的考量 </p><p>　　重視工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的多數(shù)企業(yè)把產(chǎn)品的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)只局限在單純的造型設(shè)計(jì)上,而不是把設(shè)計(jì)納入“設(shè)計(jì)-開發(fā)-生產(chǎn)制造、宣傳銷售-售

7、后服務(wù)”這樣一個(gè)系統(tǒng)當(dāng)中。</p><p>　　1.2.2系列產(chǎn)品造型設(shè)計(jì)缺乏品牌連貫性 </p><p>　　系列產(chǎn)品造型的品牌連貫性體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面:一個(gè)是指系列內(nèi)產(chǎn)品。另一個(gè)指的是系列間的產(chǎn)品。他們構(gòu)成系列間產(chǎn)品。品牌的連貫性要求在對產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行造型設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)既要有共同的識(shí)別特征,同時(shí),每個(gè)產(chǎn)品之間造型上又要有所差別。即要做到“和而不同”。</p><p>　　2現(xiàn)代工

8、業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)理念的引入與應(yīng)用</p><p>　　2.1 現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)理念的引入 </p><p>　　現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)理念主要指綠色設(shè)計(jì)、人性化設(shè)計(jì)、產(chǎn)品語意的設(shè)計(jì)和產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)等。在設(shè)計(jì)上,這些主要設(shè)計(jì)理念與之相對應(yīng)分別體現(xiàn)在:在環(huán)境方面,要體現(xiàn)對環(huán)境的關(guān)注;在人使用方面,要體現(xiàn)對人的關(guān)懷;在產(chǎn)品語意方面,要體現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕厣?在品牌經(jīng)營層面,要關(guān)注產(chǎn)品內(nèi)在的品質(zhì),使得設(shè)計(jì)成為品牌營銷的有效手段。&l

9、t;/p><p>　　2.2 現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)理念的應(yīng)用 </p><p>　　現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)理念在機(jī)床產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中的運(yùn)用主要有以下幾個(gè)方面.</p><p>　　2.2.1 綠色設(shè)計(jì) </p><p>　　綠色設(shè)計(jì)源于人們對現(xiàn)代技術(shù)文化所引起的環(huán)境及生態(tài)的破壞的反思。對于工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)來說,3R原則是綠色設(shè)計(jì)的核心。所謂的3R是指:Reduce、Recycle和Re

10、use。綠色設(shè)計(jì)要求考慮產(chǎn)品在生命周期內(nèi)的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié):從產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)意構(gòu)思到制造、運(yùn)輸,從產(chǎn)品被消費(fèi)者使用到最后產(chǎn)品的回收。確保每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)對環(huán)境的影響最小。 　　對于機(jī)床產(chǎn)品來說,綠色設(shè)計(jì)最主要最常見的體現(xiàn)在一下兩個(gè)方面: 　　1)可拆卸性設(shè)計(jì) 　　可拆卸性設(shè)計(jì)是一種使產(chǎn)品容易拆卸并能從材料回收和零件重新使用中獲得最高利潤的設(shè)計(jì)方法,是綠色產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容之一。例如,在機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)中可以用螺紋聯(lián)接來代替焊接和鉚接等。螺紋聯(lián)接不僅易于拆裝

11、而且聯(lián)結(jié)可靠,即具有重復(fù)使用的特點(diǎn)。為了減少零件數(shù)量,還可使用螺釘集成結(jié)構(gòu)來代替普通螺釘和墊片、防松墊圈等?？刹鹦缎栽O(shè)計(jì)原則:一是減少拆卸的工作量;二是易于拆卸、分離;三是多用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件。 </p><p>　　2)可回收性設(shè)計(jì) 　　可回收性設(shè)計(jì)也是綠色設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容之一,就是在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)初期時(shí)考慮其零件回收及再利用的可能性,即在其它新產(chǎn)品中可以利用使用過的或廢棄產(chǎn)品中的零部件及材料。 </p><

12、;p>　　2.2.2 以人為本,注重人性化設(shè)計(jì) </p><p>　　人性化設(shè)計(jì),就是要設(shè)計(jì)以人為本。他是針對功能主義設(shè)計(jì)思想的缺陷,提出設(shè)計(jì)不應(yīng)該以機(jī)器的功能為出發(fā)點(diǎn),而應(yīng)該把人作為設(shè)計(jì)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。以人對產(chǎn)品的使用為基礎(chǔ),使機(jī)器能夠很好的為人服務(wù)。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展,社會(huì)的進(jìn)步,人們對產(chǎn)品的人性化要求也越來越高,尤其是一些關(guān)乎人們使用安全的設(shè)計(jì)—諸如機(jī)床產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)—在這個(gè)方面的要求更高。 　　以人為本,注重人

13、性化有兩個(gè)概念:一是符合人的尺度;二是要有很好的操作界面。符合人的尺度,要求在農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過程當(dāng)中,可以運(yùn)用人機(jī)工程學(xué)的所提供的數(shù)據(jù),對操作的空間大小,操作臺(tái)面的高低等等進(jìn)行綜合考量。比如設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)控機(jī)床的操作空間時(shí),就要根據(jù)人在操作時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系來確定空間的大小合理與否。第二,良好的操作界面,可以使操作起來更加的方便、快捷、安全可靠。 </p><p>　　2.2.3 要兼顧文化特色</p><p&

14、gt;　　產(chǎn)品語意學(xué)告訴我們,產(chǎn)品不僅僅有他的物質(zhì)功能之外,還體現(xiàn)了一定的文化特征。機(jī)床的造型設(shè)計(jì)猶如給新娘做嫁衣,新娘的嫁衣不僅可以使新娘子漂亮起來,而且最能體現(xiàn)民族特征和深厚的文化內(nèi)涵。在追求機(jī)床的科學(xué)價(jià)值的同時(shí)追求藝術(shù)和文化價(jià)值,甚至將民族的個(gè)性特征融入其中。機(jī)床造型體現(xiàn)一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)行業(yè)的形象和設(shè)計(jì)水平。機(jī)床造型風(fēng)格的形成受兩方面因素的影響。一是與當(dāng)時(shí)的科技水平有關(guān),二是離不開當(dāng)時(shí)的時(shí)尚風(fēng)格。要想實(shí)現(xiàn)其科學(xué)價(jià)值與藝術(shù)文化價(jià)值的融

15、合,文化元素的如何應(yīng)用顯得尤為重要。</p><p>　　2.2.4 產(chǎn)品造型的品牌特性的維持 </p><p>　　產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)理論告訴我們,設(shè)計(jì)不再是一個(gè)單純的造型活動(dòng),而應(yīng)該把設(shè)計(jì)納入到生產(chǎn)制造、宣傳、使用到最后產(chǎn)品廢棄回收這一大的循環(huán)過程當(dāng)中,是品牌經(jīng)營的一個(gè)手段。很多企業(yè)忽視了這一點(diǎn)。比如,很多市場上的農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品,如果撕去上面的標(biāo)簽,你無法確定它是哪個(gè)廠商生產(chǎn)的,造型上缺少品牌的獨(dú)

16、特性,因此,在產(chǎn)品造型設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要注意的問題是:產(chǎn)品的造型能否體現(xiàn)品牌的特性。要體現(xiàn)品牌的特性要注意兩點(diǎn):一點(diǎn)是要注重產(chǎn)品整體要素的統(tǒng)一。即是要求農(nóng)機(jī)產(chǎn)品在形態(tài)、色彩、材料、細(xì)節(jié)方面的選擇要有利于企業(yè)形象的識(shí)別;第二點(diǎn)是系列產(chǎn)品品牌形象要保持統(tǒng)一。此外,這還是個(gè)長期的工程,需要我們持之以恒的努力.</p><p><b>　　3 結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　過去的

17、30年機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展取了一定的成績,值得肯定。自從加入WTO以后,中國的農(nóng)機(jī)企業(yè)將面臨多方的壓力,其中最主要的壓力是來自國外的企業(yè)。新的環(huán)境,需要新的設(shè)計(jì)理念。著名科學(xué)家楊振寧指出:“21世紀(jì)將是工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的世紀(jì),一個(gè)不重視工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的國家將是落伍者”。對于國家而言是這樣,對于機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)工業(yè)而言也是同樣的道理。 </p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn) </b></p><p&g

18、t;　　[1] 吳瓊.工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)——提升中國制造業(yè)價(jià)值的重要途徑[J]. 農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械,2008,(1):60-61 [2] 何人可. 工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)史[M]. 北京:理工大學(xué)出版社,2000. [3] 丁玉蘭. 人機(jī)工程學(xué)[M]. 北京:理工大學(xué)出版社,1991. [4] 胡飛. 設(shè)計(jì)符號(hào)與產(chǎn)品語意[M]. 北京:中國建筑工業(yè)出版社,1991. [5] 張同. 產(chǎn)品系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)[M]. 上海:上海人民美術(shù)出版社,2004. [6] 張凌浩、

19、劉鋼. 產(chǎn)品形象的視覺設(shè)計(jì)[M]. 南京:東南大學(xué)出版社,2005. [7]吳限、劉子健.論文化元素在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)中的運(yùn)用[J].前言探索,2008</p><p><b>　　外文原文</b></p><p>　　Based on the concept of modern industrial design of the machine tool design<

20、;/p><p><b>　　ABSTRACT</b></p><p>　　As domestic and foreign machinery industry, intense competition, a higher machine tool design requirements. The introduction of modern industrial desi

21、gn, to improve machine design and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises play an important role. In this paper, numerical control machine tools cases, analysis of the status of the product design, Industrial Design w

22、ith a modern design to interpretation of machine design. in green design, human design, design and brand building semantic done a </p><p>　　1. The status of machine tool design, CNC machine tools as an examp

23、le to</p><p>　　With the Development of electronic information technology, the world has entered the machine to digital manufacturing Technology as the core of the mechanical and electrical integration time,

24、 which is representative of one of the products of CNC machine tools. CNC machine tool manufacturing process is an important basis for the master and the national economy. It all sectors of the national economy to provid

25、e equipment and tools, with unlimited Economic and social effects of Zoom. At present, Eu</p><p>　　1.1 understand the importance of Industrial Design</p><p>　　Industrial design is a product of t

26、he industrial revolution, science and technology, Culture and arts of the emerging interdisciplinary discipline, the core task of product design. Understand the importance of industrial design deficiencies, the most dire

27、ct form is the product of extensive reflection, the lack of design sense; Color monotone, the lack of the times; use interface confusion and lack of humane care. China's machine tool design and manufacturing in the p

28、roduction is completely lost </p><p>　　1.2 The lack of industrial design, CNC machine brand awareness</p><p>　　Lack of brand awareness, a common problem is basically all industries, especially S

29、MEs, due to large environmental reasons, SMEs in the process of branding there are many objective reasons, but no matter how kind of situation, the brand is a must In 1992 after the road, Deng Xiaoping's southern tou

30、r in his speech to encourage Chinese enterprises: "We should have our own high-quality products, with China's own brand; Otherwise, they will be bullied." CNC machine tool manufacturers, too, the major</

31、p><p>　　1.2.1 lack of corporate strategic industrial design considerations </p><p>　　Attention to the majority of enterprises to industrial design products, industrial design is only limited to th

32、e simple design, rather than the design into the "design - Development - manufacturing, sales promotion - after-sales service" which such a system.</p><p>　　1.2.2 lack of product design brand consi

33、stency</p><p>　　Products shape the brand consistency is reflected in two aspects: one is the series products. Another refers to the series between the products. They constitute a series of intermediate produ

34、cts. Brand consistency required when the product design should not only Identification of common characteristics, while each product but also some differences between the modeling. that is, to do "and different.&quo

35、t; 2.the introduction of modern industrial design and Application of 2.1 The introduction of</p><p>　　Mainly refers to the modern design concept of green design, human design, product semantics of sys

36、tem design and product design. In the design, these corresponding to the main design concepts are embodied in: the environment, should reflect concern for the environment; in human use, should reflect on the person's

37、 care; in product semantics, we must reflect the cultural heritage; in brand management level, to pay attention to the inherent quality products, making the design as an effective means </p><p>　　2.2.1 green

38、 design</p><p>　　Modern green design, Technology and Culture from the people caused by environmental and ecological damage reflection. For industrial designs, 3R principle is the core of green design. The so

39、-called 3R is: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Green design into account product life cycle in every aspect: from creative concept to product manufacturing, transportation, from the products used by consumers to the final pro

40、duct recall. to ensure that every aspect of minimal impact on the environment. For the m</p><p>　　2.2.2 People-oriented, pay attention to human design</p><p>　　Human design, is to design the p

41、eople. He is against the functionalist design defects, proposed design should not be the machine's capabilities as a starting point, but rather to people as a design starting point. To the people on the use of the pr

42、oduct based on the machine services can be a good man. With technological development, social progress, the product of human nature that people are increasingly high requirements, especially those relating to the safety

43、of people using the design - suc</p><p>　　2.2.3 To take into account the cultural characteristics</p><p>　　Product Semantics tells us, the product not only has his physical features, but also re

44、flects a certain cultural characteristics. Machine design is like to do the wedding dress the bride, the bride's wedding dress up not only the beautiful bride, and the most to reflect the national characteristics and

45、 rich cultural connotations. in the pursuit of scientific value of the machine, while the pursuit of artistic and cultural value, and even personality traits into one of the nation. Machine Tools A</p><p>　　

46、2.2.4 Product Modeling maintain brand identity</p><p>　　Product design theory tells us that design is no longer a simple modeling activities, but should be incorporated into the design to manufacturing, prom

47、otion, use the final product of this great cycle of waste recovery process is a means of brand management. Many companies ignore this. For example, many agricultural products on the market, if torn off the label, you can

48、 not determine which manufacturers it is, modeling the lack of uniqueness of the brand, so when the product design should be note</p><p>　　References </p><p>　　[1] Wu Qiong. Industrial Design -

49、 enhance the value of China's manufacturing Industry an important way [J]. Agricultural machinery, 2008, (1) :60-61[2] who can. The history of industrial design [M]. Beijing: University Press, 2000.[3]

50、 Ding Yulan. Human Engineering [M]. Beijing: University Press, 1991.[4] Hu Fei. Design symbols and product semantics [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1991.[5] Zhang same. Product design [M]. Shanghai: Shang