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1、<p> Building construction quality management</p><p> Abstract:adhere to the quality first, improve the management level, improve the quality of construction is the key, only to meet the required qual
2、ity standards and user requirements under the premise of quality, time limit for a project, cost, to meet the requirements, to provide more high-quality, safe, economical and applicable building products. Based on this,
3、the building construction quality management of.</p><p> Key words: housing construction building construction quality management</p><p> 1 strengthen training, selection of construction per
4、sonnel is laying the quality control personnel foundation</p><p> Engineering quality were all participants in the project construction technology management, operating personnel coordination work results,
5、so construction workers is to form the main factor of project quality. To control the engineering quality first is the training and selection of construction personnel, improving their comprehensive quality. We should im
6、prove their quality awareness, according to comprehensive quality regardless of idea construction personnel must establish five concepts: th</p><p> 2 give full play to QC quality control function</p>
7、<p> According to "the anti-seizure combination, prevention first " principle is carried out actively " tell, help, anti, card" scientific examination method, and the construction personnel to
8、gether, common to the owners of construction process, responsible, quality control personnel, users, the construction personnel to establish new relations of cooperation, quality inspection staff and the construction sit
9、e operations personnel is consistent, it is to provide users with high quality, satisfaction </p><p> 3 following a case analysis gradually quality management, engineering survey:</p><p> The
10、territory of Hechi a building for the underground layer, on the ground twenty-two, twenty-five buildings, covers an area of 2550.4 square meters, building a total height of 79.950 meters, construction area of 4008 square
11、 meters underground, on the ground 36855 square meters, balcony area is 1570.1 square meters; the main design reasonable service life is 50 years; building fire grade two, seismic fortification intensity is 7 degrees, fr
12、ame aseismic grade two; the ground floor to the ground f</p><p> 4 construction management</p><p> On the construction quality management, mainly involves three aspects, one is about the desig
13、n, survey and document review management. On design, reconnaissance unit quality behavior and results of the activities of the supervision, the emphasis is placed on the design, survey and document review supervisory con
14、trol. If the violation of the relevant laws, regulations and mandatory standards for the design and survey documents, can be through direct economic penalties and legal sanctions, enablin</p><p> 5 construc
15、tion management</p><p> 5.1 Lraw materials quality control</p><p> Material quality engineering construction quality is the key, use of raw materials does not meet the requirements of engineer
16、ing, engineering quality can not meet the requirements. Therefore, in the construction quality control of stop before construction on material quality control, to ensure the quality of materials, in order to improve cons
17、truction quality. For the control of materials, first of all to the common material supply necessary audit, select qualified suppliers for the supply of ma</p><p> 5.2 procedures and time limit control</
18、p><p> To implement the handover inspection system, on the procedures of unqualified shall enter into next working procedure construction. At the same time construction quality affected by seasons, the reasona
19、ble arrangement of construction schedule is to ensure the engineering quality are important measures, and blindly rush period will inevitably lead to serious consequences. Quality control step is to establish quality con
20、trol, selected key and key technology to undertake the key is checked, the two</p><p> 5.3 increase on-site inspections</p><p> Quality management in the construction site should strive to gra
21、sp first-hand information, and strive to achieve the timely control, for the occurrence of the problem must accomplish early discovery, early correction of bad old practices die hard, avoid, avoid large loss. For example
22、, in the masonry tie bar examination, if taken after the completion of a masonry opening examination, is not easy to check, and to identify the problems are also difficult to remedy, but in the on-site inspection in <
23、/p><p> The entity quality inspection methods should adopt scientific monitoring instruments and equipment, to provide accurate, reliable and convincing data, strengthen the government engineering quality supe
24、rvision and inspection of scientific and authoritative. Through the supervision, to ensure the implementation of mandatory standards, ensure the construction of law, regulations and standard carry out, from macroscopical
25、 overall grasp the construction project quality and structure safety. In additi</p><p> 5.4 after the completion of the management</p><p> After the completion of the quality management of con
26、struction projects is put into use check management. First of all to ensure that do not meet the quality standards of the project can not be put into use, avoid inferior project to the state and public users cause direct
27、 harm and influence. The second is the decoration, repair and maintenance of quality supervision in construction project whole life quality management category : one is to eliminate or reduce due to renovation, maintenan
28、ce proc</p><p> This phase is the project by construction to use or production of mark; is on engineering quality inspection the necessary link; is the guarantee contract task is finished in the round, impr
29、ove project quality level of final checks. The unit after the completion of the project, must undertake the final inspection and test. Unit engineering technical person in charge should be prepared for the demands of inf
30、ormation collected materials, equipment, component quality certificate of materials, a var</p><p><b> ending</b></p><p> Project, quality, the quality of housing construction relat
31、ed to people's daily life and the safety of life and property. In recent years, the housing quality problems have already become the focus of public attention, annual 3.15 consumer rights day, China Consumers Associa
32、tion published by consumer complaints the largest of the ten major categories of commodities, the housing quality problems at the front. Therefore, construction management in many aspects, quality management is the key a
33、nd co</p><p> Reference.</p><p> [1 ] Building Engineering ( Construction Management ) [ J]. Journal of Taizhou Polytechnic College.</p><p> [2 ] Wang Yan. Paying attention to co
34、nstruction management" two pieces of skins" phenomenon [J ]. Management of construction enterprises.</p><p> [3 ] Lin Yihong, Li Yuanying. To improve construction quality several ponders [J ]. Sha
35、nxi building, 2005, 31 ( 1): 127-128.</p><p> [4 ] Bu Narui, Wang Liwen, Li Wanqin. Discussion on construction management [ J]. Journal of Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2002, ( 02).
36、</p><p> Hu Zhenghua </p><p> [ 5]. The era of knowledge economy the construction management [J ]. Parathion design and powder engineering, 2005, ( 06).</p><p> [ 6].Zheng Jingqi
37、u.Infuluencing the contrcution qulity of Engineering five fsctors[J ].</p><p> Shanxi building.2005,31( 1):135-136.</p><p> 淺談房屋建筑施工中的質(zhì)量管理</p><p> 摘要:堅持質(zhì)量第一、提高管理水平,是提高建筑工程質(zhì)量關(guān)鍵之所在
38、,只有在符合規(guī)定的質(zhì)量標準和用戶要求的前提下,滿足質(zhì)量、工期、成本等要求,才能為社會提供更多的優(yōu)質(zhì)、安全、經(jīng)濟適用的建筑產(chǎn)品。本文基于此,對房屋建筑施工中的質(zhì)量管理進行了相關(guān)探討。</p><p> 關(guān)鍵詞:房屋建筑 建筑施工 質(zhì)量管理</p><p> 1 強化培訓、優(yōu)選施工人員是奠定質(zhì)量控制的人才基礎</p><p> 工程質(zhì)量是所有參加工程項目施工的
39、技術(shù)管理干部、操作人員協(xié)調(diào)工作的結(jié)果,所以施工人員是形成工程質(zhì)量的主要因素。要控制工程質(zhì)量首先是培訓和優(yōu)選施工人員,提高他們的綜合素質(zhì)。首先應提高他們的質(zhì)量意識,按照全面質(zhì)量不管的觀念施工人員必須樹立五大觀念:質(zhì)量第一的觀念、預控為主的觀念、用數(shù)據(jù)說話的觀念以及社會效益與企業(yè)效益并重的綜合效益觀念。其次是施工人員的技術(shù)素質(zhì),管理干部、施工人員都應具有較高的進行質(zhì)量規(guī)劃和目標管理的能力,生產(chǎn)人員則應具有精湛的技術(shù)能力,一絲不茍的工作作風,
40、嚴格執(zhí)行質(zhì)量標準和操作規(guī)程的法制觀念,服務人員則應做好技術(shù)和生活服務,能以出色的服務間接地保證工程質(zhì)量。</p><p> 2 充分發(fā)揮質(zhì)檢人員質(zhì)量檢查控制作用</p><p> 按照“防檢結(jié)合,預防為主”的原則積極推行“講、幫、防、卡”的科學檢查方法,與施工人員一道,共同對業(yè)主,對下道施工工序負責,質(zhì)檢人員、用戶、施工人員要建立新型的合作關(guān)系,質(zhì)量檢查人員和施工現(xiàn)場作業(yè)人員目標是一致
41、的,都是為向用戶提供高質(zhì)量,滿意的建筑產(chǎn)品。但施工生產(chǎn)較忙的時候,為搶工程進度就放松質(zhì)量管理的傾向時有發(fā)生。這導致了工程質(zhì)量檢查與被檢查之間產(chǎn)生矛盾。要充分發(fā)揮工程質(zhì)量檢查人員的積極性,就要樹立質(zhì)量檢查人員的權(quán)威性,這是十分必要和重要的。</p><p> 3 以一案例逐步剖析質(zhì)量管理,工程概況</p><p> 河池境內(nèi)某大廈工程為地下一層、地上二十二、二十五層建筑,占地面積為255
42、0.4平方米,建筑總高度為79.950米,建筑面積為地下4008平方米,地上36855平方米,陽臺面積為1570.1平方米;設計主體合理使用年限為50年;建筑耐火等級二級,抗震設防烈度為7度,框架抗震等級二級;地下一層至地上三層2-A軸交2-6軸及2-17軸上的短肢剪力墻抗震等級為一級,其余剪力墻抗震等級為二級。該工程采用基礎形式為預應力高強混凝土管樁,結(jié)構(gòu)類型為現(xiàn)澆鋼筋砼框架-剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>&l
43、t;b> 4 施工前的管理</b></p><p> 對施工前的質(zhì)量管理,主要涉及三個方面,一是對有關(guān)設計、勘察文件審查的管理。對設計、勘察單位的質(zhì)量行為和活動結(jié)果的監(jiān)督,重點是放在對設計、勘察文件的審查監(jiān)督把關(guān)上。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)其違犯有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)和強制性標準的設計和勘察文件,可以通過直接的經(jīng)濟處罰和法律制裁,使直接責任主體承擔由其失誤疏忽或有意所造成的質(zhì)量責任。二是對招投標活動的管理,重點是施
44、工招投標的監(jiān)督,實現(xiàn)市場監(jiān)督與質(zhì)量監(jiān)督的有效結(jié)合,通過質(zhì)量監(jiān)督審查促進市場競爭的規(guī)范化和良性運轉(zhuǎn),通過市場有效運作,保證質(zhì)量監(jiān)督的有效性。三是對合同文本的監(jiān)督,重點是施工合同的監(jiān)督,把質(zhì)量管理的規(guī)范化和法制化落實到合同條款中,以合同的法律效力約束各建設主體的質(zhì)量行為和活動結(jié)果。通過對這三方面的內(nèi)容的審查監(jiān)督,實現(xiàn)政府對建設工程質(zhì)量實施過程的預控監(jiān)督。施工前質(zhì)量管理的重點歸根到底是對業(yè)主質(zhì)量行為的管理,因為業(yè)主是所有這些活動的組織者、決策
45、者,這也是規(guī)范建設業(yè)主質(zhì)量行為和活動結(jié)果的重要措施。</p><p><b> 5 施工中的管理 </b></p><p> 5.1 原材料質(zhì)量控制</p><p> 材料質(zhì)量是工程施工質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵,工程使用原材料不符合規(guī)定,工程質(zhì)量不可能符合要求。因此,在工程施工質(zhì)量控制中不許再施工前對材料進行質(zhì)量控制,保證材料質(zhì)量,以此提高工程施工質(zhì)量
46、。對于材料的控制,首先要對材料供應常見進行必要的審核,選擇具有資質(zhì)的供應廠家進行材料的供應。其次,要對進場原料進行必要的檢驗,包括:質(zhì)量檢驗報告單的檢查、外觀的檢查、理化檢驗的檢查等等。通過一系列的檢驗來保證進場原料的質(zhì)量。</p><p> 5.2 工序與工期控制</p><p> 要落實交接檢制度,上道工序不合格不得進入下一道工序施工。同時建筑工程質(zhì)量受季節(jié)影響,合理安排施工進度是
47、保證工程質(zhì)量的重要措施,而盲目搶工期必然造成嚴重后果。實現(xiàn)質(zhì)量控制步驟一是設立質(zhì)量控制點,選定關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)和重點工藝進行重點檢查,二是強化對操作人員的管理,工程質(zhì)量的好與壞,在一定程度上取決于施工人員的操作水平的高低。</p><p> 5.3加大現(xiàn)場巡查力度</p><p> 1)質(zhì)量管理人員在施工現(xiàn)場要力爭掌握第一手資料,努力實現(xiàn)及時控制,對發(fā)生的問題務必做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早糾正,避免積重難
48、返,避免大的返工損失。比如,砌體工程中的拉結(jié)筋的檢查,若采取砌體完成后開洞檢查,一是不易檢查,還有就是查出問題也難以補救,但在現(xiàn)場巡查中及時予以解決,既能避免較大損失,也易得到承包商的合作。</p><p> 2)現(xiàn)場實體質(zhì)量的檢查方式應采用科學的監(jiān)測儀器和設備,提供準確可靠、有說服力的數(shù)據(jù),增強政府工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢查的科學性和權(quán)威性。通過監(jiān)督抽查,保證強制性標準的貫徹執(zhí)行,保證建筑法律、法規(guī)和規(guī)范的貫徹落實,從
49、宏觀整體上把握建設工程質(zhì)量和結(jié)構(gòu)使用安全。另外,在加強程序管理的同時,必須加強技術(shù)控制。技術(shù)控制的方法采用評價標準的方法比較好。評價標準的方法主要有如下幾點:一是對施工現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量保證條件的檢查評價,二是對工程竣工檢測結(jié)果的檢查評價,三是對現(xiàn)場質(zhì)量保證資料的檢查評價,四是對工程實體的尺寸偏差的實測,五是對完工后的工程實體的宏觀觀感檢查評價。</p><p> 5.4 竣工后的管理</p><p&
50、gt; 1)竣工后的質(zhì)量管理是建設工程投入使用的把關(guān)管理。首先要保證不符合質(zhì)量標準要求的工程不能投入使用,避免低劣工程對國家和公共使用者造成直接的危害和影響。其次是把裝修、維修和維護的質(zhì)量監(jiān)督納入建設工程全壽命質(zhì)量管理的范疇:一是要杜絕或減少由于裝修、維護過程中的違規(guī)行為造成對已有建設工程地基基礎、主體結(jié)構(gòu)和環(huán)境質(zhì)量的破壞,引發(fā)質(zhì)量事故。二是避免由于維修、維護的質(zhì)量達不到要求給國家和公眾用戶的生產(chǎn)生活環(huán)境造成直接損失。在這一階段的監(jiān)督
51、應著重把好兩關(guān):一是嚴格對其竣工驗收備案的審查、監(jiān)督,確保備案登記的可靠性、權(quán)威性和有效性。二是加強對裝修、維護過程中的質(zhì)量管理,使建設工程全壽命期內(nèi)的質(zhì)量目標得到有效實現(xiàn),為用戶創(chuàng)造安全、舒適、健康的生產(chǎn)、生活環(huán)境,使建設工程質(zhì)量實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大力提倡和推行工程質(zhì)量保險,將工程質(zhì)量管理納入經(jīng)濟管理的范疇,以解決工程交付使用后發(fā)生質(zhì)量問題住戶找不到責任方的后顧之憂。 2)這一階段是工程項目由建設轉(zhuǎn)入使用或投產(chǎn)的標志;是對工程質(zhì)量
52、進行檢驗的必要環(huán)節(jié);是保證合同任務全面完成、提高工程質(zhì)量水平的最后把關(guān)。單位工程竣工后,必須進行最終檢驗和實驗。單位工程技術(shù)負責人</p><p><b> 結(jié) 束 語</b></p><p> 百年大計,質(zhì)量為本,房屋建筑工程的質(zhì)量關(guān)系到人們?nèi)粘I詈蜕敭a(chǎn)安全。近幾年,住房質(zhì)量問題已經(jīng)成為公眾關(guān)心的焦點,每年的3.15消費者權(quán)益日,中國消費者協(xié)會公布的被消費
53、者投訴最多的十大類商品中,房屋住宅質(zhì)量問題高居前位。因此,在工程施工管理人眾多方面中,質(zhì)量管理是關(guān)鍵和核心。只有做好房屋工程施工質(zhì)量策劃和房屋建筑工程施工質(zhì)量控制,才能造出更多的優(yōu)質(zhì)工程。 </p><p><b> 參 考 文 獻:</b></p><p> 1.建筑工程(施工管理)[J]. 泰州職業(yè)技術(shù)學院學報.</p><p> 2
54、.王言. 關(guān)注施工管理“兩張皮”現(xiàn)象[J]. 施工企業(yè)管理.</p><p> 3.林軼紅,李遠瑛.提高建筑工程質(zhì)量的幾點思考[J].山西建筑,2005,31(1):127-128. </p><p> 4.卜娜蕊, 王利文, 李萬勤. 淺談施工管理[J]. 河北建筑工程學院學報, 2002,(02).</p><p> 5.胡正華. 知識經(jīng)濟時代的施工管理淺
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