家庭醫(yī)療相關(guān)外文翻譯（節(jié)選）

1、<p>　　800單詞，4600英文字符，1500漢字</p><p>　　出處：Martin J C, Avant R F, Bowman M A, et al. The Future of Family Medicine: a collaborative project of the family medicine community.[J]. Annals of Family Medicine,

2、2004, 2 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S3-S32.</p><p><b>　　原文 </b></p><p>　　The Future of Family Medicine: A Collaborative Project Of the Family Medicine Community </p><p>　　Martin J

3、 C, Avant R F, Bowman M A</p><p>　　Recognizing fundamental flaws in the fragmented US health care systems and the potential of an integrative, generalist approach, the leadership of 7 national family medicin

4、e organizations initiated the Future of Family Medicine (FFM) project in 2002. The goal of the project was to develop a strategy to transform and renew the discipline of family medicine to meet the needs of patients in a

5、 changing health care environment. </p><p><b>　　METHODS </b></p><p>　　A national research study was conducted by independent research firms. Interviews and focus groups identified ke

6、y issues for diverse constituencies, including patients, payers, residents, students, family physicians, and other clinicians. Subsequently, interviews were conducted with nationally representative samples of 9 key const

7、ituencies. Based in part on these data, 5 task forces addressed key issues to meet the project goal. A Project Leadership Committee synthesized the task force reports i</p><p><b>　　RESULTS </b>&l

8、t;/p><p>　　The project identified core values, a New Model of practice, and a process for development, research, education, partnership, and change with great potential to transform the ability of family medici

9、ne to improve the health and health care of the nation. The proposed New Model of practice has the following characteristics: a patient-centered team approach; elimination of barriers to access; advanced information syst

10、ems, including an electronic health record; redesigned, more functional offices; </p><p>　　Ultimately, system wide changes will be needed to ensure high-quality health care for all Americans. Such changes in

11、clude taking steps to ensure that every American has a personal medical home, promoting the use and reporting of quality measures to improve performance and service, advocating that every American have health care covera

12、ge for basic services and protection against extraordinary health care costs, advancing research that supports the clinical decision making of family physicians and</p><p>　　CONCLUSIONS </p><p>

13、　　The leadership of US family medicine organizations is committed to a transformative process. In partnership with others, this process has the potential to integrate health care to improve the health of all Americans. &

14、lt;/p><p>　　Challenges and Opportunities for the Future </p><p>　　Based on an analysis of the findings on patient perceptions and expectations, along with research on the attitudes and perceptions

15、of family physicians, medical students, subspecialists, family medicine residents, and residents in other specialties, 5 major challenges were identified that will influence family medicine’s future viability: </p>

16、<p>　　Promoting a broader, more accurate understanding of the specialty among the public </p><p>　　Identifying areas of commonality in a specialty whose strength is its wide scope and locally adapted

17、practice types </p><p>　　Winning respect for the specialty in academic circles </p><p>　　Making family medicine a more attractive career option </p><p>　　Addressing the public’s per

18、ception that family medicine is not solidly grounded in science and technology </p><p>　　After reviewing the research findings and considering the implications of these 5 challenges, the FFM Project Leadersh

19、ip Committee concluded that unless there are changes in the broader health care system and within the specialty, the position of family medicine in the United States may be untenable in a 10- to 20-year time frame, which

20、 would be detrimental to the health of the American public. The FFM Project Leadership Committee further concluded that changes must occur within the specialty, a</p><p>　　Considerable evidence supports the

21、contemporary importance of family physicians in the US health care system. For example, care by generalists uses few resources while producing similar health outcomes for patients with chronic disease. Many counties woul

22、d become shortage areas without their family physicians. Looking internationally, countries that emphasize primary care have better population health at lower cost. It is not surprising that the World Health Organization

23、 calls for an increased p</p><p><b>　　譯文 </b></p><p>　　家庭醫(yī)療的未來(lái):家庭與醫(yī)療社區(qū)的互相合作</p><p>　　諾曼·卡恩 美國(guó)家庭醫(yī)生學(xué)會(huì)</p><p><b>　　研究背景 </b></p><p&

24、gt;　　意識(shí)到分散的各自為政的美國(guó)醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)以及把它們進(jìn)行整合的根本性缺陷，7 個(gè)國(guó)家的家庭醫(yī)學(xué)組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人早在 2002 年就聯(lián)合啟動(dòng)了家庭醫(yī)療 (FFM)項(xiàng)目。該項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)家庭醫(yī)療學(xué)科的轉(zhuǎn)型和更新戰(zhàn)略，以便在不斷變化的衛(wèi)生保健環(huán)境中滿足病人的需求。 </p><p><b>　　研究方法 </b></p><p>　　由一個(gè)獨(dú)立研究公司實(shí)施了一項(xiàng)全國(guó)

25、性研究。訪談和確定對(duì)各類選區(qū)的關(guān)鍵性問(wèn)題，包括病人、納稅人、居民、學(xué)生、家庭醫(yī)生和其他類型的醫(yī)生等。隨后，對(duì) 9 個(gè)關(guān)鍵的選區(qū)的代表全國(guó)居民的樣本進(jìn)行一個(gè)訪談?；谶@些數(shù)據(jù)，要實(shí)施五項(xiàng)措施來(lái)解決這些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，以滿足項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)。項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)導(dǎo)委員會(huì)則對(duì)該研究整合成一個(gè)綜合性報(bào)告。 </p><p><b>　　研究結(jié)果 </b></p><p>　　該項(xiàng)目確定了一種核心價(jià)值觀

26、，是一種新的家庭醫(yī)療模式的實(shí)踐，它是一個(gè)研究、教育、合作發(fā)展的綜合過(guò)程，它很可能會(huì)改變未來(lái)家庭醫(yī)療能力的提高，改善國(guó)家居民的健康和衛(wèi)生保健水平。這一新的家庭醫(yī)療實(shí)踐模式具有以下特點(diǎn):以病人為中心;消除居民接收家庭醫(yī)療的障礙;先進(jìn)的信息系統(tǒng)，包括電子健康記錄、重新設(shè)計(jì)多功能醫(yī)療辦公室;注重質(zhì)量和結(jié)果;增強(qiáng)財(cái)務(wù)上的實(shí)踐等。將開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的溝通策略來(lái)推進(jìn)家庭醫(yī)療對(duì)多個(gè)居民的新服務(wù)模式。這項(xiàng)研究得出的結(jié)論為:需要實(shí)施一些紀(jì)律用來(lái)監(jiān)督培訓(xùn)，致力于

27、培養(yǎng)出卓越的家庭醫(yī)生，灌輸家庭醫(yī)療的核心價(jià)值觀，提供家庭醫(yī)療服務(wù)的一起籃子服務(wù)新模式,并能夠適應(yīng)不同的病人需要和改變護(hù)理技術(shù)。家庭醫(yī)療教育必須繼續(xù)在產(chǎn)科護(hù)理上多下工夫，包括住院病人的護(hù)理培訓(xùn)，社區(qū)和人口健康文化，有效的和熟練的護(hù)理培訓(xùn)等。為每個(gè)家庭醫(yī)生提供全面的終身學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，支持個(gè)人持續(xù)的專業(yè)和臨床實(shí)踐的評(píng)估和改進(jìn)。 </p><p>　　最后，要進(jìn)行一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的改變，以確保為所有美國(guó)人提供高質(zhì)量的醫(yī)療保健。這些變

28、化包括采取措施確保每個(gè)美國(guó)人都有個(gè)人家庭醫(yī)生提供的醫(yī)療服務(wù)，推進(jìn)實(shí)施這些措施來(lái)提高醫(yī)療服務(wù)績(jī)效和服務(wù)質(zhì)量，倡導(dǎo)每個(gè)美國(guó)人都有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)基本服務(wù)，以及減輕居民的醫(yī)療成 本，推進(jìn)家庭醫(yī)生以及其他初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生的臨床決策支持方面的研究，開(kāi)發(fā)醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助模式來(lái)維持家庭醫(yī)療和初級(jí)護(hù)理服務(wù)實(shí)踐。 </p><p><b>　　結(jié)論 </b></p><p>　　美國(guó)的家庭醫(yī)學(xué)組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們致

29、力于家庭醫(yī)療服務(wù)改革。通過(guò)與他人合作，這一改革過(guò)程有可能整合醫(yī)療保健，并改善所有美國(guó)人的健康。 </p><p><b>　　未來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇 </b></p><p>　　基于對(duì)病人的看法和期望結(jié)果的分析，同時(shí)也對(duì)家庭醫(yī)生的態(tài)度和看法進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的研究,確定了 5 個(gè)將影響家庭醫(yī)療未來(lái)生存能力的主要挑戰(zhàn)，它們是: </p><p>　　1. 對(duì)

30、公眾的特別需求有一個(gè)更廣泛的、更準(zhǔn)確的理解; </p><p>　　2. 確定家庭醫(yī)療的特征適應(yīng)本地的實(shí)踐; </p><p>　　3. 在學(xué)術(shù)圈子里贏得尊重; </p><p>　　4. 使家庭醫(yī)生成為一個(gè)更有吸引力的職業(yè)選擇 </p><p>　　5. 要著眼于公眾的看法，家庭醫(yī)療并不是絕對(duì)地基于科學(xué)和技術(shù)。 回顧研究發(fā)現(xiàn)及考慮這 5 個(gè)

31、挑戰(zhàn)后，家庭醫(yī)療服務(wù)項(xiàng)目的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)委員會(huì)得出的結(jié)論是，除非有更廣泛的衛(wèi)生保健系統(tǒng)的改革，否則在 10 到 20 年的時(shí)間內(nèi)，美國(guó)的家庭醫(yī)療很可能是難以維持的，而這將不利于美國(guó)公眾的健康。家庭醫(yī)療服務(wù)項(xiàng)目的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)委員會(huì)進(jìn)一步得出結(jié)論，必須進(jìn)行更廣泛的醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)方面的專業(yè)化改革，以確保家庭醫(yī)療具備應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)的能力，從而繼續(xù)履行其獨(dú)特的任務(wù)和職責(zé)。這些結(jié)論都證實(shí)了制定家庭醫(yī)療服務(wù)項(xiàng)目 FFM行動(dòng)計(jì)劃的重要性，以確保提供持續(xù)專業(yè)的家庭醫(yī)療服務(wù)。

32、</p><p>　　當(dāng)代家庭醫(yī)生在美國(guó)衛(wèi)生保健系統(tǒng)的重要，這有相當(dāng)多的證據(jù)支持。例如，一些不太專業(yè)的護(hù)理人員使用的一些資源可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生類似慢性疾病，這會(huì)危害到患者的健康狀況。許多國(guó)家在家庭醫(yī)生配置方面，將成為重點(diǎn)短缺地區(qū)。展望國(guó)際上其他國(guó)家的家庭醫(yī)療情況，那些國(guó)家更加強(qiáng)調(diào)初級(jí)保健服務(wù)，使得國(guó)內(nèi)居民以較低的成本擁有更好的健康情況。這是不足為奇的，世界衛(wèi)生組織呼吁增加初級(jí)衛(wèi)生保健服務(wù)，以支持居民的持續(xù)性身體健康。 &