外文翻譯--翼展車廂有限元分析與輕量化設計

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　The skeleton of a wingspan van body is one of the most important components for a van. Its weight is about one third of the whole vehicle gross mass. The weight

2、lightening of skeletons is of great importance to reduce the vehicle weight. This dissertation seeks feasible methods for the lightened skeleton of a van body through FEM (finite element method) analysis on the skeleton

3、of a wingspan van’s body. FEA has become one of the most important tools in modern automobile design. Compared with </p><p>　　Van, as a fuel-consuming vehicle, is attached great importance in regards to i

4、ts fuel-saving level which is directly connected with the energy consumption of our whole country. Due to this great significance, van manufacturers all over the world try their best to lighten the weight of vans. The te

5、chnique of weight-lightening design has become one of the hot techniques in the research field. </p><p>　　Since the exploitation condition of van is extremely bad, and stress condition is complex, the skelet

6、on should have enough rigidity so as to keep the relative positions of some parts unchanged and the change of the van body shall be limited to a minimum degree while the van goes. There also should be enough intensity in

7、 the skeleton so as to ensure its reliability and life-span. The insufficient skeleton rigidity not only causes vibration and noise, but also makes the ease of driving, the stabil</p><p>　　The skeleton of a

8、wingspan van’s body is analyzed and studied by the ANSYS in this paper. The static intensity and rigidity of the skeleton is analyzed and studied in the instances of pure bending, coupled bending and torsion, braking con

9、dition and sharp-turning. The results indicate that the stress of the skeleton is less than the utmost intensity that the material being used has to resist. There is little displacement in the skeleton and it meets the

10、demand of the design. </p><p>　　This paper also deals with the dynamic analysis of van skeletons with mode analysis as a main part, which is the core of the dynamic configuration design. It overcomes the sho

11、rtcoming of the static analysis and emphasized that the problem should be considered from the whole configuration. The local intensity can be learned through the vibration model and the responding frequency of the ske

12、leton which are obtained from the model analysis. </p><p>　　Amelioration design can be done with various optimization methods. In the research, a conclusion is drawn that the optimization module of ANSYS is

13、not applicable for the whole skeleton of van body, because the skeleton has too many stems and dimension. According to the characteristics of the skeleton, several schemes used to design lightened skeletons are proposed

14、in this essay. Some components of little influence on the intensity and rigidity are subject to direct amelioration, and some sensiti</p><p><b>　　95.8Kg. </b></p><p>　　Finally, with

15、the statistic from the stems and the dimensions of the skeleton as variables for designing and with the whole volume of the skeleton as the goal, this essay makes a preliminary discussion of the weight-lightening of the

16、 structure of skeleton using ANSYS optimizing model. </p><p>　　Optimized results make the skeleton light, save raw materials, reduce the cost of manufacture, decrease the fuel consumption and do no destruct

17、ion to the environment. </p><p>　　The research in the essay demonstrates that FEA and ANSYS offer excellent basic theories and methods for the skeleton structure, simulation of power characteristics and wei

18、ght-lightening design. </p><p>　　They have very important project values in weight-lightening designing of the skeleton structure. </p><p><b>　　中文翻譯：</b></p><p>　　翼展式廂式貨

19、車車廂骨架是重要的承載件，它的質量也占貨車整車整備質量的三分之一左右。車廂骨架的輕量化設計對減輕汽車的質量有著非常重要的意義。本文就是通過對翼展式廂式貨車車廂骨架有限元的分析計算，尋求切實可行的車廂骨架輕量化途徑。 </p><p>　　有限元法已經成為現代汽車設計的重要工具之一，與傳統(tǒng)的設計方法相比，它的優(yōu)勢在于提高汽車產品的質量、降低產品開發(fā)與生產制造成本，提高汽車產品在市場上的競爭力。為了促進廂式貨車車廂設

20、計水平的提高，保證整車在市場上的競爭能力，必須將廂式貨車車廂有限元分析技術提高到戰(zhàn)略的高度上來。 </p><p>　　廂式貨車作為耗油大戶，其節(jié)能與否已直接影響到我國整體的能源消耗水平，國家對此高度重視。由于汽車輕量化對節(jié)能增效的巨大意義，國際各大汽車生產商都在盡可能的情況下減輕車身質量。汽車的輕量化設計技術已經成為目前汽車研究領域的研究熱點之一。 </p><p>　　由于貨車的使用條

21、件十分惡劣，受力狀況非常復雜。骨架應有足夠的彎曲剛度，以使裝在其上的有關機構之間的相對位置在汽車行駛過程中保持不變并使車身的變形最小；骨架也應有足夠的強度，以保證其有足夠的可靠性與壽命。骨架剛度不足會引起振動和噪聲，也使得汽車的乘坐舒適性、操作穩(wěn)定性及某些機件的可靠性下降。因此，如何設計出滿足使用要求的輕量化骨架成了一項具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。 </p><p>　　本文利用有限元分析軟件 ANSYS 對某翼展式廂式貨

22、車車廂骨架進行了分析和研究，討論了該骨架靜態(tài)時在純彎曲工況、彎扭工況、制動工況和緊急轉彎工況下的強度和剛度。分析結果表明，該車架的應力值小于材料的強度極限，滿足設計的要求，骨架變形不是很大，也符合設計要求。 </p><p>　　本文還進行了車架的動態(tài)分析，主要是模態(tài)分析，它是結構動態(tài)設計的核心，克服 了靜態(tài)方法的局限性，強調從結構的整體考慮問題。通過對骨架進行模態(tài)分析，計算出骨架的模態(tài)振型與相應的固有頻率，通過

23、固有頻率與振型從整體上考慮車架的局部強度問題。 </p><p>　　改進設計可以使用各種方法，本課題在實際應用中發(fā)現，ANSYS 軟件中自帶的優(yōu)化模塊，用搜索可行域、進行循環(huán)計算的方法不適用于整個車廂骨架這種構件復雜、尺寸繁多對象的應用。根據該貨車車廂骨架的特點，論文提出了幾種方案對骨架進行了輕量化設計。一些對強度、剛度影響小的構件，直接進行改進，而一些重要構件則進行了不同工況水平下的多次計算，從中尋求輕量化設

24、計方案。計算結果表明，這種方法切實可行， 具有明顯效果。 通過對車廂骨架結構的分析計算， 最后使質量成功下降了 95.8Kg。 最后，以車架縱梁和橫梁截面尺寸作為設計變量，以車架總體積為設計目標，運用ANSYS 優(yōu)化模塊對車架結構的輕量化設計進行初步的探討。優(yōu)化的結果使得骨架自身重量減少，節(jié)約了原材料，降低了生產的成本，提高了汽車的燃油經濟性，并且有利于環(huán)保。 </p><p>　　本文的研究說明有限元法和A