外文翻譯--綜采放頂煤瓦斯涌出的特點及防治

1、<p><b>　　中文2180字</b></p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　The Features and Prevention of the Gas Pouring from the Breaking Coal-bed of the Comprehensively Mechanized Mining

2、 Face</p><p>　　Zhao Junhu</p><p>　　Abstract: Through analyzing the features of the gas-pouring from the comprehensively mechanized mining face，this paper advances some methods for making compreh

3、ensive treatment of the gas to ensure the safety in the production．</p><p>　　Key words:gas-pouring；comprehensively mechanized coal mining；coal mine safety.</p><p>　　Caving in thick coal seam min

4、ing widely used in the mining method .After several years practice and the exploration, applied this mining coal method to bring the remarkable economic efficiency.Simultaneously mines the technology also gradually to co

5、nsummate, puts the coal thickness to reach 15 m.The peculiar circumstance has surpassed 20 m.Some syntheses set free a captured animal produce ability to achieve above 2,000,000 t/a. But along with the mining technology

6、development and the application</p><p>　　1 synthesis lets loose picks the gas to gush out the characteristic</p><p>　　synthesis to let loose picks is different with other lamination mining, its

7、working surface and the coal bed relative position has had the change, is along ledger wall mining.The common around two conveyer transportation, one time picks big, productivity is big, upside the broken pulverized coal

8、 body is mobile to the support window, is braved the roof to fall the function to put the coal to be non-uniform, facilitates the gas to gush out also non-uniform. Added the fire protection note nitrogen </p><

9、p>　　2 gas gush out in the time and the spatial particularity</p><p>　　2.1 let loose in the time</p><p>　　particular synthesis pick the gas to gush out in the time are different with other met

10、hod of exploitation, has its unique performance: First, when working surface coal cutting the gas releases a part.Second, the window puts when the coal the massive gas gush out.When third, the window puts at the same tim

11、e the coal and the coal cutting the work, the gas gushes out massively.This is the gas agglomerates the most dangerous time.</p><p>　　2.2 gas spatial distribution characteristics see the chart</p><

12、;p>　　low gas area (I Area).This area ventilates good, the gas easy to discharge, the cross section is big, (support shield type support), the amount of wind accounts for the total amount of wind 241%, the gas density

13、is the low gas area.</p><p>　　Gas increase area (ⅡArea).This area is located entire chute and machine between.Because the cross section changes small, the amount of wind accounts for the total amount of wind

14、 136%, the loose resistance is big, was inferior well ventilated I area is good, gas quantity increase.</p><p>　　High gas area (ⅢArea).This area for behind chute space, because the chute kept off the coal bo

15、ard to occupy certain space, put when the coal put down the coal has occupied certain space, created the cross section to be small, the resistance was big.The amount of wind accounts for the total quantity 8%-10%, also t

16、his area is apart from the hard gang to be far, creates ventilates the difficulty, like this puts when the coal the gas gushes out massively forms the high gas area, namely gas warning a</p><p>　　Gas agglome

17、ration area.This area is located puts above the coal window, the massive gas cannot discharge, forms the gas agglomeration area, also is the warning area.</p><p>　　3 syntheses let loose pick the gas explosio

18、n factor</p><p>　　3.1 gas distribution</p><p>　　following chart to show, the entire working surface besides puts the coal mouth, the gas discharges basically under the normal loose dilution, its

19、 gas quantity does not surpass 1%.But on puts the coal mouth, puts above the coal mouth to pick lower part on the depletion region, the air return way the solid angle goes against high, these place gas volume score is 3％

20、一15％, basically in detonation boundary (5％一l6％), And has ventilates for the oxygen condition, has exterior fire hazard possibly to cau</p><p>　　3.2 caused the gas explosion detachment condition</p>&l

21、t;p>　　to have the gas accumulation, its density achieved the detonation boundary, had under the external factor fire hazard condition then to have the gas explosion again.From actual situation analysis. Causes the gas

22、 explosion condition to include: The electricity does not guard against explosions produces the spark to cause the gas explosion； Picks the depletion region ignition associated gas explosion； The bulk rock braves to fall

23、 produces the spark with the support collision to cause the detonatio</p><p>　　4 syntheses let loose the gas which picks to prevent and control</p><p>　　4.1 to pull out put primarily effect a pe

24、rmanent cure the measure</p><p>　　regarding the gas content big coal bed, adopts the method which extracts the gas to enable the gas density to achieve the mining request, extracts the means to have in advan

25、ce pulls out ahead of time with picks while pulls out two kinds.</p><p>　　4.2Is after first upscale and the synthesis picks the synthesis to let loose picks</p><p>　　After pulls out puts could n

26、ot achieve the mining request the coal bed, must first pick or the upscale method along the roof with the synthesis mines 2-3, carries on the synthesis after the mining liberation level release gas to put again.</p>

27、;<p>　　4.3 delivers the roof gas lane or the special gas tail lane</p><p>　　in picks behind the depletion region to dig the special gas tail lane. Behind working surface advance mining coal pulls out

28、a row of gas, like this picks the depletion region gas to discharge by the behind tail lane, or digs along the roof delivers the gas lane, each 50m digs delivers the rill and the air return way is interlinked the release

29、 gas.</p><p>　　4.4 high-pressure waterflood conditioning coal bed emissions gas</p><p>　　carries on the high-pressure waterflood in the coal bed, not only can soften the coal body, reduce the du

30、st, moreover can discharge the coal bed jointing crevasse in partial gas, reduces the coal dust gas content, simultaneously plays the temperature decrease, increases the humidity the role, not easy to cause the ignition,

31、 may prevent the gas accident.</p><p>　　4.5 adjusts the gas from the operation craft to gush out the quantity</p><p>　　control to put the coal mouth to put the coal, does not cause to put the co

32、al amount oversized, one time puts the coal time not to want to grow, divides puts many times, has the limit control gas to gush out the quantity.The coal cutting puts the coal not to have simultaneously the work, preven

33、ted the gas superimposition gushes out.Cleans up behind between the chute rack to float the coal, increases the cross section, reduces the resistance, guarantees loosely unimpeded.Special place (for exampl</p><

34、;p>　　In brief, the synthesis lets loose picks, the preventing and controlling gas, the prevention accident occurs is a long-term complex work, but also waits for us further studies the enhancement.</p><p>

35、;<b>　　中文譯文</b></p><p>　　綜采放頂煤瓦斯涌出的特點及防治</p><p><b>　　趙俊虎</b></p><p>　　摘要：通過對綜放工作面瓦斯涌出特點的分析，提出了綜合治理瓦斯的方法，以確保安全生產(chǎn)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：瓦斯涌出；綜放開采；煤礦安全</

36、p><p>　　綜采放頂煤是在厚煤層開采中廣泛應(yīng)用的采煤方法。經(jīng)過幾年的實踐和探索，應(yīng)用這種采煤方法帶來了顯著的經(jīng)濟效益。同時開采技術(shù)也在逐步完善，放煤厚度已達15m。特殊情況已超過20m。有的綜放生產(chǎn)能力已達到200萬t/a 以上。但是隨著開采技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用范圍的不斷擴大，綜采放頂煤在特定條件下也帶來了一系列的技術(shù)問題。如開采易發(fā)火高沼氣煤層中的防火、防塵、防瓦斯等問題。</p><p>

37、　　1 綜放開采瓦斯的涌出特點</p><p>　　綜放開采與其他分層開采不同，其工作面與煤層相對位置發(fā)生了變化,是沿底板開采。一般前后兩部輸送機運輸，一次采高大，生產(chǎn)能力大，上部破碎煤體向支架窗口流動，受頂板冒落作用放煤不均勻，促成瓦斯涌出也不均勻。加之防火注氮的影響，致使綜放開采瓦斯涌出問題出現(xiàn)了新的特點，成為影響工作面單產(chǎn)的重要因素，同時給安全生產(chǎn)帶來了新的問題。由于綜放是沿底板開采，其瓦斯來源不同于一般分

38、層開采。一般分層開采是沿頂板或假頂開采，瓦斯來源主要是工作面煤壁及割落的煤體。下分層瓦斯涌出量較一分層相比降低2-4倍。而綜放開采瓦斯來源分兩大部分：一部分來自工作面煤壁及采落煤體，另外大部分來自工作面支架的上方。根據(jù)瓦斯資料表明。煤壁及采落煤體的瓦斯涌出量僅占25％。其余均是支架上方煤體產(chǎn)生的。當(dāng)采煤機割煤時煤壁不斷暴露，在超前應(yīng)力作用下工作面前10-15m應(yīng)力高值區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的煤體裂隙增大。瓦斯平衡狀態(tài)受到破壞，煤體透氣性增大，瓦斯沿卸

39、壓帶裂隙向工作面涌入。另外散落的煤體增加了瓦斯的散放速度導(dǎo)致瓦斯量增加，但瓦斯涌出量隨煤壁暴露時問增長而降低。支架上方煤體受割煤、移架、放煤等工藝過程中的壓力變化影響，使其遭到破壞，大量的吸附瓦斯</p><p>　　2 瓦斯涌出在時間和空間上的特殊性</p><p>　　2．1 在時間上的特殊性</p><p>　　綜放開采瓦斯涌出在時間上不同于其他開采方法，有其

40、獨特的表現(xiàn)：第一，工作面割煤時瓦斯釋放出一部分。第二，窗口放煤時大量的瓦斯涌出。第三，窗口放煤與割煤同時作業(yè)時，瓦斯大量涌出。這是瓦斯積聚最危險的時間。</p><p>　　2．2 瓦斯的空間分布特點見下圖</p><p>　　低瓦斯區(qū)(I區(qū))。該區(qū)通風(fēng)良好，瓦斯易排出，斷面大，(支撐掩護式支架)，風(fēng)量占總風(fēng)量的65％一76％，瓦斯?jié)舛葘俚屯咚箙^(qū)。</p><p>

41、　　瓦斯增加區(qū)(Ⅱ區(qū))。該區(qū)位于整個溜子道與機道之間。由于斷面變小，風(fēng)量占總風(fēng)量的16％一20％，風(fēng)流阻力大，通風(fēng)不如I區(qū)好,瓦斯量增加。</p><p>　　高瓦斯區(qū)(Ⅲ區(qū))。該區(qū)為后部溜子空間，因溜子擋煤板占了一定的空間，放煤時放下來的煤又占了一定的空間，造成斷面小,阻力大。風(fēng)量占總量的8％-10％，且該區(qū)距硬幫較遠，造成通風(fēng)困難，這樣放煤時瓦斯大量涌出形成高瓦斯區(qū)，即瓦斯危險區(qū)。</p>&l

42、t;p>　　瓦斯積聚區(qū)。該區(qū)位于放煤窗口以上，大量瓦斯排放不出來，形成瓦斯積聚區(qū)，也是危險區(qū)。</p><p>　　3 綜放開采瓦斯爆炸因素</p><p><b>　　3．1 瓦斯分布</b></p><p>　　如下圖所示,整個工作面除放煤口以外，在正常風(fēng)流的稀釋下瓦斯基本排出，其瓦斯量不超過1％。而在放煤口、放煤口以上采空區(qū)下部、回

43、風(fēng)道上隅角高頂，這些地方的瓦斯體積分數(shù)為3％一15％，基本上在爆炸界限內(nèi)(5％一l6％)，并且有通風(fēng)供氧條件，有外部火源就可能引起爆炸。分布于采空區(qū)上部的大量瓦斯積聚排放不出來，體積分數(shù)超過20％。為了防止煤層自燃發(fā)火，綜放開采對采空區(qū)注氮降低氧含量是一種有效的防火措施，但由于注氮使氣體呈正壓狀態(tài)，迫使采空區(qū)的一部分瓦斯外流，也造成瓦斯涌出量增大。</p><p>　　3．2 引起瓦斯爆炸的客觀條件</p&

44、gt;<p>　　有了瓦斯積存，其濃度達到爆炸界限，再有外因火源的條件下即可產(chǎn)生瓦斯爆炸。從實際情況分析。引起瓦斯爆炸的條件有：電氣不防爆產(chǎn)生火花引起瓦斯爆炸；采空區(qū)發(fā)火伴生瓦斯爆炸；大塊巖石冒落與支架碰撞產(chǎn)生火花引起爆炸；放煤窗口放炮處理大塊煤體可引起爆炸；煤體高溫氧化引起爆炸；移架時支架摩擦易引起瓦斯爆炸。</p><p>　　4 綜放開采的瓦斯防治</p><p>　　

45、4．1 以抽放為主的治本措施</p><p>　　對于瓦斯含量大的煤層，采取把瓦斯抽出的方法使瓦斯?jié)舛冗_到開采要求，抽出辦法有提前預(yù)抽和邊采邊抽兩種。</p><p>　　4．2 先高檔和綜采后綜放開采</p><p>　　經(jīng)過抽放后還達不到開采要求的煤層，必須先沿頂板用綜采或高檔方法開采2—3層，至開采解放層釋放瓦斯后再進行綜放。</p><p

46、>　　4．3 送頂板瓦斯巷或?qū)ｉT瓦斯尾巷</p><p>　　在采空區(qū)后方掘?qū)ｉT瓦斯尾巷．工作面前進采煤后部抽排瓦斯，這樣采空區(qū)瓦斯由后部尾巷排出，或沿頂板掘送瓦斯巷，每隔50m掘送小川與回風(fēng)道相通釋放瓦斯。</p><p>　　4．4 高壓注水軟化煤層排放瓦斯</p><p>　　在煤層中進行高壓注水，不但能軟化煤體、降低粉塵，而且能把煤層節(jié)理裂隙中的部分瓦

47、斯排出，減少煤塵瓦斯含量，同時起到降溫、增加濕度的作用，不易引起發(fā)火，可以防止瓦斯事故。</p><p>　　4．5 從操作工藝上調(diào)節(jié)瓦斯涌出量</p><p>　　控制放煤口放煤，不使放煤量過大，一次放煤時間不要過長，分多次放完，有限制地控制瓦斯涌出量。割煤放煤不要同時作業(yè)，以防止瓦斯疊加涌出。清理好后部溜子架子間的浮煤，增大斷面，減少阻力，確保風(fēng)流暢通。特殊地點(如上隅角)可用局扇排放

48、瓦斯。對于易燃煤層可采取分層開采，待注漿充砂后再利用綜放開采。</p><p>　　總之，綜放開采、防治瓦斯、預(yù)防事故發(fā)生是一 件長期復(fù)雜的工作，還有待于我們進一步研究提高。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻</b></p><p>　　[1] 包劍影、李貴賢；陽泉煤礦瓦斯治理技術(shù)；山西陽泉：煤炭工業(yè)出版社，1996</p>

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