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1、<p> Research on Flexible Die Designing System Using Pro/E </p><p> Abstract:Die designing is a demanding and hard work.To design a separate die for each product is time consuming and expensive task.T
2、his paper presents an idea of sets of standard reference dies.it gives a concept of flexible die designing using a reference standard die designed in a popular commercial CAD/CAM software—Pro/Engineer.Rather than designi
3、ng a separate die for each part,just update the die design by selecting the die dimensions as required.The use of this concept will prove to reduce </p><p> Key words:die;flexible die designing system ;stan
4、dardization;ProZE;secondary development</p><p> At present, the industrial developed countries and regions in the mold industry has been gradually standardize and serialization. In China, although the major
5、ity die within the enterprises have business standards, but generally not high degree of standardization, standardization of stamping die in the die-limited parts of the parts. To achieve real savings stamping die design
6、 time and shorten the processing cycle, cost savings, reduce design and manufacturing staff workload purposes, it needs to</p><p> As CAD / CAM technology in the design and manufacture die in the course of
7、extensive application, it should first be standardized stamping die from the CAD system began. Some large-scale commercialization of the CAD / CAM software, such as Pro / E, UG, and so on. Have developed a specialized in
8、jection mold design package. And stamping die design for the special software, users need to be developed.</p><p> l The application tools Pro / E in stamping die design flexibility in the system developmen
9、t </p><p> Pro / Engineer by the United States has developed a set of PTC CAD / cAM / CAE software. Pro / E using a single database And feature-based, the design parameters of the model, provides users with
10、 1 The development is very convenient for stamping die flexible system of tools juice</p><p> 1.1 Family Table </p><p> Fanaily Fable known as the Family Table, the structure used to create th
11、e same or similar parts of the size and characteristics of the standardized database tables, is devoted to the establishment of a standard parts library tool. The use of the former first family table to create a generic
12、representation of the components (the generic), according to the need to target and then added to the family table a series of management.</p><p> Family sheet management can be the object of a size (dimens
13、ion), features (feature), parameters (parameter) and assembly parts (component), and so on.</p><p> A family table can have multiple levels, that is a generic parts can contain multiple sub-components (inst
14、ance, also known as examples), and each Instance can contain their own Sub Instance. Discharge screw (stripper-bolt) the family table structure as shown in Figure 1.</p><p> Figure 1 Family Table hierarchy&
15、lt;/p><p> 1.2 Relations</p><p> Relations (relations) between mathematics and procedures, including grammar, and its main role is to be part or assembly of the relevance of the data by size sym
16、bols, and other parameters of grammar (syntax) to establish mathematical formula to meet the design requirements. Pro / E system of relations can be found in Sketch, Feature, Part and in the Assembly. Simple sentence, ju
17、dgement and sentence is to establish relations of common format. Simple sentence that a simple mathematical relationshi</p><p> 1.3 Pro/Program</p><p> Pro / Program (program) is the Pro / E
18、of a procedural tool, similar to its grammar VBA and Office software in the Macro (Acer). When users use of Pro / engineer to design .The product of various kinds of information to document the format will be recorded. T
19、hrough the Pro / Progran document editing, can be achieved on the characteristics of the hide, delete and re-order the assembly of components to add and replacement operation. These features stamping dies for the establi
20、shment of standard pa</p><p> Program files in the structure can be broadly classified into the title, set of parameters relationship, to add features (parts) and updating the quality attributes, such as fi
21、ve parts. In "INPUT… END INPUT" Xiao located between the parameters of the "RE1 ATIONS… ENDREALATIONS" relations between the various add in the "ADD… END ADD" and added features (part module
22、) or parts (assembly module). Pro / Program provides three types of parameters: NUMBER (numerical) STRING (string) and YES-NO (it).</p><p> 2. Standards moldbase of the development</p><p> 2.
23、1 Standards moldbase Classification and organizations</p><p> Die-stamping die is an important part. The typical model-there are three types: rear-guided-mode (back pillar sets), the middle-guided-mode (ce
24、nter pillar sets) and the guided-mode-angle (diagonal pillarsets). Each type of die-also includes a variety of specifications. According to Die boundary demarcation size, rear-guided, in a L × B-22 specifications, D
25、0 specifications 6 (L = B), middle-guided, in the nine-D0 specifications, the guided-mode-Kok L × B specifications 7 [2-3].</p><p> In order to facilitate the management and data calls, the standard mo
26、de of the directory of the best-established in the Pro / E installation directory. As three categories-the larger structural differences, it may die-the root of the establishment of three other subdirectories, each subdi
27、rectory contains all the component parts-mode, and each type of parts can be adopted Pro / E Software for the family table, and tools such as the establishment of standard procedures for the database.</p><p>
28、; 2.2 Standards moldbase library building</p><p> Die-stamping die from the main mode on the Block (upper.shoe), nder-Block (1 ower.shoe), I. column (guide.pillar) and I. Case (guidebushing), and other co
29、mponents. In order to make structural integrity of mold, can also die stalk (shank) assembly to die-in. Here are rear-die I.Establishment of the standard method.</p><p> First of all the various components
30、to create three-dimensional model, and then the standard manual data in the table a series of symbolic dimension added to the group on January 1 Editor (can also use Excel for editing). Add in the size of symbols, Size
31、will be the best symbol to revise the manual and the size of the same symbol. Because people can not distinguish between Table Capitalization is, when both the same size letters, proposed to use capital letters to distin
32、guish between pairs of c</p><p> Standard on two-Block: When the L × B> 200 mm × 160 mn-i have installed Boss, and when L × B is less than or equal to the scope of non-installation of Boss
33、, shown in Figure 2. Determine whether Boss in two ways: one way is to use Family Table, will generate the Boss Extrude Offset two characteristics and the way to Feature added to the family table, and in these two charac
34、teristics of the list Enter in the "Y" or "N", to determine the specifications of a certain mode on the Block, whether these </p><p> Figure2. die on the ground in two types</p>&
35、lt;p> 2.3 The establishment of Standards moldbase for </p><p> In Pro / Assembly in the same module can be generated by the use of family die-standard database. Family structure in the assembly, when se
36、lected COrnponent, select the mode of all the parts-and enter a different group in the table-model specifications required by the standards of sub-components of the name, as shown in Figure 3. </p><p> Fig
37、ure 3 rear-guided, in the standard mode of Family Table</p><p> Common mode handles four types: pressure-in-stalk, the flange-stalk, Screw-mode and floating stems die stalk. If the four types of module asse
38、mbly to handle all the common-mode model (Figure 3 in the assembly only two kinds), in the group table by the need to enter the module handles parts of the name, set the parameters of INPUT, with Regenerate Called when t
39、he parameters of renewable order to choose the mode of different types of handles. Of course, people can also die of the table do not have</p><p> 3 The development of standard stamping die </p><
40、p> 3.1 The typical combination of stamping die</p><p> Stamping die in the larger structural differences and establish flexible stamping die design systems using the best combination of the typical mold
41、. Use of combinations to determine the structure of the typical mold of the structure, and thus determine the composition of the various components die sizes and assembly relations. Commonly used combination of stamping
42、die typical structure: a fixed combination of unloading, Tanya unloading combinations, composite model portfolio, such as plate-portf</p><p> 3.2 die in the process of assembling data transfer</p>&l
43、t;p> Because of complicated, so stamping die by the standardization of the factors to consider-Modulus than standardized by many more factors to consider, one of the most important factor is the size of the correlati
44、on between the components. In the mold of a standard combination, assembly and components, parts and components between the need for data transmission, and in the Pro / Assembly can be very easy to achieve this objective
45、.</p><p> 3.2.1 by the assembly of components to the data transfer</p><p> Pro / Program can use the assembly EXECUTE statement will be down the parameters in a sub-assembly or parts delivery
46、, the use of syntax is as follows: EXECUTE PART / ASSEMBLY file name components or sub-assembly of the parameters in the assembly of = END EXECUTE EXECUTE statement parameters can not leapfrog data transmission, not by t
47、he assembly to sub-assembly of components in the direct transmission of data.</p><p> 3.2.2 data transfer between the components</p><p> When added to the assembly of components are in a Id, i
48、t can complete the assembly of components between the data transfer. Id assembly of components, can be used in the menu RELATIONs Session Id command to query. Figure 4 is the combination of Tanya discharge standards in t
49、he spring of unloading assembly diagram. As assembly to die in the spring have a pre-compression and thus the length of its assembly (Hs) are no longer equal to the length of freedom (H.). In determining H, you can use t
50、he fo</p><p> Hs:38= L:32一tbp:0 </p><p> In this way can always guarantee equal to the length of spring assembly from the surface to Dianban discharge board under the surface height, thus elim
51、inating the relevant parts were replaced after the size of Laws. In the design of this mold is very practical, because the mold assembly in a similar situation there are many. Again, in determining the discharge screw on
52、 the seat-hole diameter (dI34), they can use the following mathematical relationship:</p><p> d134:8=D:32+2</p><p> This Id, established by the mathematical relationship between the need to us
53、e Regenerate order to take effect, so different parts on the size of the location of as little as possible in this way, so as not to die in the initial call model will appear at the wrong result will be displayed. But if
54、 the parts in between and parameters to transfer data, the location of the various components of size parameters to create a mathematical relationship, the trouble can be avoided.</p><p> 3.2.3 standard rep
55、lacement parts</p><p> Family Table used to establish the standard parts can lookup. inst Replacement statement. Lookup inst allows users to find the standard parts that match the sub-components, if not fin
56、d the results, then return to a generic [4 J.</p><p> Lookup.inst : </p><p> lookup inst(generic—name,match-mode,param</p><p> namel,match—valuel,param-name2, match—value2</p&
57、gt;<p><b> …) </b></p><p> One match. preferred mode of three, representing different meanings: one is to find parameters of less than or equal to find the value of components; parameter
58、 values 0 to find an exact match to find value of the sub-components; to find parameters of greater than or equal to find value The sub-components.</p><p> 3.3 structure of the assembly</p><p>
59、 Die parts to complete the establishment and rationalize the assembly relations between the components, you can generate mold assembly model. Figure 5 for the development of the author Tanya unloading combination of spe
60、cifications for the 200 mm × 160 mm of die structure (omit all the characteristics of thread).</p><p> 3.4 stamping die call</p><p> Stamping die in the Pro / Assembly call directly, but
61、also can be used Pro / TOOLKIT development of visual user interface to call. Pro / TOOLKIT Pro Ecuador is the second development system software package, its main purpose is to allow users or third parties through the ex
62、pansion of C code Pro / E function, based on the development of Pro / E system of application modules to meet user Special needs. Pro/T00LKIT use of the UI dialog, the menu VC + + and Visual Interface technology, designe
63、d to f</p><p> 4 Conclusion</p><p> Since stamping process a wide range of complex processes, and the shape of various parts die, stamping dies in achieving standardization and development of
64、flexible design system and the process is very complicated, but flexible stamping die design system of stamping die CAD is to improve the level of the cornerstones . Pro / E powerful components, the assembly of the crite
65、ria for the establishment of the functions of stamping dies for the standardization and flexible design of the feasibility o</p><p> 沖壓模具柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的研究</p><p> 摘要:沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)十分復(fù)雜的工作。根據(jù)不同的沖壓件 單獨(dú)設(shè)計(jì)模具需要
66、很 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,模具的制造成本也會(huì)大大增加。介紹 了應(yīng) 用模具設(shè)計(jì)軟件——Pro/Engineer開(kāi)發(fā) 沖壓模具柔性設(shè)計(jì) 系統(tǒng)的具體方法,先建立模具零部件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) ,調(diào) 用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件 生成典型的沖壓模具組合。在根據(jù)沖壓件與工藝需要選取不同規(guī)格的模具后 ,只需進(jìn)行 少量的工作 即可完成整個(gè)模具的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。這樣將使設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間縮短、制造成本降低,因而對(duì)沖壓模具的快速設(shè)計(jì)與規(guī)范生產(chǎn)具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 </p><p>
67、關(guān)鍵詞:沖壓模具;柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng);標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;Pro/E;;二次開(kāi)發(fā)</p><p> 目前,在工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家和地區(qū),模具工業(yè)已逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 和系列化。而在我 國(guó),雖然大部分模具企業(yè)也有內(nèi)部 的企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但是普遍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度 不高,沖壓模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化也僅限于模架部分的一些零部件。如果要真正地達(dá)到節(jié)省沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間 、縮短加工周期 、節(jié)約成本、減少設(shè)計(jì)人員與制造人員工作量的目的,就需要開(kāi)發(fā)出沖壓模具的柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)。同時(shí)
68、 ,沖壓模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和系列化的范 圍 也不能只局限于模架部分 ,對(duì)固定板 、墊板 、卸料板 、頂料裝置等常用零部件甚至是沖壓模具結(jié)構(gòu),都要實(shí)現(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和系列化…1。 </p><p> 由于 CAD/CAM 技術(shù)在模具設(shè) 計(jì)與制造 過(guò)程 中廣泛應(yīng)用,因此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化首先應(yīng)該從沖壓模具 CAD 系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始。一些大型的商品化 CAD/CAM軟件,如 Pro/E、UG等。都已開(kāi)發(fā)出專(zhuān)門(mén)的注射模具設(shè)計(jì)軟件包。而用于沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)的專(zhuān)
69、用軟件則有待于用戶(hù)自行開(kāi)發(fā) 。 </p><p> 1 Pro/E在沖壓模具柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)中的應(yīng)用工具 </p><p> Pro/Engineer是 由美 國(guó) PTC公 司開(kāi)發(fā)的一套 CAD/cAM/CAE軟件。Pro/E采用單一的數(shù)據(jù) 庫(kù)以及基于特征的、參數(shù)化的設(shè)計(jì)模式,為用戶(hù)提供 了十分方便的開(kāi)發(fā)沖壓模具柔性設(shè)汁系統(tǒng)的工具 </p><p> 1.1
70、 Family Table </p><p> Fanaily Fable稱(chēng)為族表,用來(lái)建立結(jié) 構(gòu)相 同或相近零件的尺寸與特征的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表 ,是一 個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)用于建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件庫(kù)的工具 。使用族表前要先創(chuàng)建具有代表性的通用零件(the generic),然后根據(jù)需要將對(duì)象添加到族表中進(jìn)行系列化管理。</p><p> 可以用族表管理 的對(duì)象有尺寸 (dimension)、特征(featu
71、re)、參數(shù) (parameter)和裝配部 件 (component)等。 </p><p> 一個(gè)族表可以有多個(gè)層次,即一個(gè)通用零件可以包含多個(gè)子零件 (instance,又稱(chēng)實(shí)例),而每個(gè)Instance又可以包含自己的Sub Instance。卸料螺釘(stripper—bolt)的族表結(jié)構(gòu)如圖 1所示。</p><p><b> .</b></p&
72、gt;<p> 圖 1 Family Table的層次結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p> 1.2 Relations </p><p> Relations(關(guān)系 )包括數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系與程序語(yǔ) 法 ,其主要作用是將零件或裝配中具有關(guān)聯(lián)性的數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)尺寸符號(hào) 、參數(shù)及其他語(yǔ) 法(syntax)建立數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系式 ,以滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)要求。Pro/E系統(tǒng) 中的關(guān)系可存在于 Sketch、Feature
73、、Part及 Assembly中。簡(jiǎn)單句 和判斷句是建立關(guān)系的常用格式。簡(jiǎn)單句表示單純的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系,直接反應(yīng)尺寸之間的關(guān)聯(lián)情況。其使用</p><p> 格式簡(jiǎn)單,如 d6=L.BP一2*d3。判斷句適合于一些特定的場(chǎng)合,通過(guò) 指定條件來(lái)表達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)意圖,語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)為:“IF…ENDIF”或“IF…ELSE…ENDIF”。在“ELSE…ENDIF”之間條件語(yǔ)句可以多層嵌套。</p><p>
74、關(guān)系在 沖壓模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化與柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的建立過(guò)程 中起著十分重要的作用,它具有決定零件的幾何形狀以及特征之間的位囂關(guān)系 、部件之間的裝配關(guān)系以及部件是否存在于裝配體中等多項(xiàng)功能。 </p><p> 1.3 Pro/Program </p><p> Pro/Program(程序)是 Pro/E提 供的一 個(gè)可程序化的工具 ,其語(yǔ)法類(lèi)似于 VBA和 Office軟件中的Macro(宏
75、)。 當(dāng)用 戶(hù) 運(yùn)用 Pro/Engineer進(jìn) 行 設(shè) 計(jì)時(shí) ,產(chǎn)品的各種信息 會(huì)以文件的格式記 錄下來(lái)。通過(guò)對(duì) Pro/Progran文件編輯 ,可 以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)特 征的隱 </p><p> 藏、刪除與重新排序、對(duì)裝配部件的添加和替換等操作。這些功能對(duì)于建立沖壓模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件庫(kù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)庫(kù)和柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)是非常有用的。</p><p> 程序文件在結(jié)構(gòu)上大致可分為標(biāo)題 、參數(shù)設(shè)置、關(guān) 系式
76、 、添加特征 (部 件)和更新質(zhì)量屬性等 5個(gè)部分 。在“INPUT…END INPUT”之 間進(jìn)行 設(shè)囂參數(shù) ;在“RE1 ATIONS…ENDREALATIONS”之間添加各種關(guān)系;在“ADD…END ADD”之間添加特征(part模塊 )或部件 (assembly模塊 )。Pro/Program 提 供 了3種 類(lèi) 型 的 參 數(shù) :NUMBER(數(shù) 值 )、STRING(字符串)和 YES—NO(是 否)。</p>
77、<p> 2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫(kù)的開(kāi)發(fā) </p><p> 2.1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架的分類(lèi)與組織 </p><p> 模架是沖壓模具的重要組成部分。典型的模架有 3類(lèi) :后側(cè)導(dǎo)柱模架 (back pillar sets)、中間導(dǎo)柱模架 (center pillar sets)和對(duì)角導(dǎo)柱模架(diagonal pillar sets)。每一類(lèi)模架又包括多種的規(guī)格。按照凹模周界尺寸劃分,后側(cè)
78、導(dǎo)柱模架有 L×B規(guī)格 22種 、D0規(guī)格 6種(即 L=B時(shí)),中間導(dǎo)柱模架 D0規(guī)格 9 種 ,對(duì)角導(dǎo)柱模架 L×B規(guī)格 7種[2-3] 。 </p><p> 為了便于數(shù)據(jù)的管理與調(diào)用,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫(kù)的根目錄最好建立在 Pro/E的安裝 目錄下。由于3類(lèi)模架在結(jié)構(gòu)上差異較大,故可在模架庫(kù)的根 目錄下分別建立 3個(gè)子目錄,每個(gè)子目錄中包含組成模架的所有零件 ,而每一類(lèi)零件又可以通過(guò) Pro
79、/E軟件提供的族表、關(guān)系和程序等工具建立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。 </p><p> 2.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫(kù)的建立 </p><p> 沖壓模具模架主要由上模座(upper.shoe)、下模座(1ower.shoe)、導(dǎo)柱 (guide.pillar)和導(dǎo)套 (guide bushing)等組成 。為了使模具結(jié)構(gòu)完整 ,也可以將模柄(shank)裝 配到模架 中。下面介紹后側(cè)導(dǎo)柱模架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)的建立方法
80、。 首先創(chuàng)建各零件的三維模型 ,然后將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手冊(cè) 數(shù)據(jù)表中的系列尺寸符號(hào)一一添加到族表編輯器中 (也可利用 Excel進(jìn)行編輯)。在添加尺寸符號(hào)前,最好將尺寸符號(hào)修改到與手冊(cè)中的尺寸符號(hào)一致。 </p><p> 由于族表不能區(qū)分字母的大小寫(xiě),當(dāng)同一字母大小并存時(shí)建議將大寫(xiě)字母用雙字符加以區(qū)分,如將 d 表示為 D,而將 D表示成為 DD。</p><p> 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上模座有兩種情況
81、 :當(dāng) L×B>200 mm×160 mn-i時(shí)有安裝凸臺(tái) ,而 當(dāng) L×B 小于或等于 該范圍時(shí)無(wú)安裝凸 臺(tái),如圖 2所示。判斷有無(wú) 凸臺(tái)的方法有兩種:一種 方法是利用族表 ,將生成 凸臺(tái)的Extrude和 Offset兩個(gè)特征以 Feature的方式添加到族表中,并在這兩個(gè)特 征下的列表中分別輸入“Y”或“N”,以判斷某規(guī)格的上模座是否具有這兩個(gè)特征 ;另一種方法是找到這兩特征在 Pro/Prog
82、ram 中的位置,并在添加 Extrude特征的程序前增加一行判斷語(yǔ)句“IF L>200 1 B>160”,在添加的Offset特征的程序后用“END IF”結(jié)束判 斷。</p><p> 圖 2 上模座 的兩種類(lèi)型</p><p> 2.3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架庫(kù)的建立 </p><p> 在 Pro/Assembly模塊 中同樣 可 以使用族表 生成模架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
83、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。在構(gòu)造裝配族表時(shí)選用 COrnponent,選取模架中的所有部件,并在族表中輸入不同規(guī)格模架所需 要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的子零件的名稱(chēng),如圖3所示</p><p> 圖 3 后側(cè)導(dǎo)柱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架 Family Table結(jié)構(gòu)</p><p> 常用的模柄有 4種類(lèi) 型:壓 入式模柄 、凸緣模 柄、旋入式模柄和浮動(dòng)模柄。如果將 4種類(lèi)型的模柄全都裝配到模架 的通用模型中,在族表中輸入所需要的模柄
84、子零件的名稱(chēng),利用 INPUT設(shè) 置參數(shù),借助 Regenerate命令再生時(shí)調(diào)用參數(shù)來(lái)選用不 同的模柄類(lèi)型。當(dāng)然 ,也可 以在族表中將不 用的模柄用字符“N”來(lái)抑 制,所示的模架系統(tǒng)就是采用的這方法。</p><p> 當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)MIM部件,結(jié)合線(xiàn)和可能產(chǎn)生毛邊的區(qū)域必須引起重視。美觀(guān)和功能兩方面都有要求的區(qū)域應(yīng)該針對(duì)結(jié)合線(xiàn)的影響或者減小毛邊的出現(xiàn)進(jìn)行研究。必須注意的是,MIM所用原材料一般都比大多數(shù)塑料材料
85、更容易出毛邊,所以,設(shè)計(jì)MIM模具的每一個(gè)模具部件間的配合都必須很精確,如滑塊,型心和分型線(xiàn)。記住,產(chǎn)生在MIM制件的毛邊會(huì)在燒治后變?yōu)榻饘倜?,且很難除去。</p><p> 上下合模時(shí)的配合間隙是結(jié)合線(xiàn)不能避免的原因。不管是沿著分型線(xiàn),還是型心和滑塊密封的地方(斜抽心機(jī)構(gòu)處)或者其它模具特征,注射成型的材料在壓力作用下被印上</p><p> 兩塊金屬板互相碰觸(合模)的結(jié)合線(xiàn)痕跡
86、。Fig.27 圖示為按設(shè)計(jì)沿分型線(xiàn)形成的結(jié)合線(xiàn)。</p><p> 此例中,結(jié)合線(xiàn)緊挨那個(gè)圓角上面,在那個(gè)面上環(huán)繞著制件會(huì)產(chǎn)生明顯的結(jié)合線(xiàn)。這樣的結(jié)合線(xiàn)經(jīng)常用磨削工序消除或減小。如在前面“倒角和倒圓”部分說(shuō)過(guò)的,,如果底部的圓角不必要且尖角的存在能夠接受,整個(gè)制件可以設(shè)置于上半模內(nèi)。這樣可以使分型線(xiàn)產(chǎn)生在制件底部,且結(jié)合線(xiàn)不會(huì)再出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)選擇為了容納制件邊緣的部分而將制件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置在上下兩模內(nèi)時(shí),磨削可以為制件加
87、工出小的倒角。</p><p> 產(chǎn)生毛邊的情況總是存在的,大部分情況下,模具結(jié)構(gòu)為盡可能減少這種情況起著很大作用。然而,有更好的設(shè)計(jì)方法,采用后將提高模具強(qiáng)度,從而減少了制件產(chǎn)生毛邊的情況。避免產(chǎn)生毛邊的一種主要途徑是有密封功能的兩配合面設(shè)計(jì)成平面對(duì)平面。圖示,如何重新設(shè)計(jì)兩通孔的相交處以減少毛邊的產(chǎn)生,使用D形孔型作為相交處的密封配合要求的解決方案。這方案中,兩平面相互緊貼的設(shè)計(jì)將使加工更容易,且于鑄造過(guò)程
88、中減少毛邊產(chǎn)生的可能性。圖示的設(shè)計(jì)選擇是最不吸引人(很一般)的設(shè)計(jì)方案,它要求有一個(gè)型心需要外形或側(cè)面加工使其配合在模具合模注射過(guò)程中有配合密封要求的型心或孔。這些情況下,型心的定位就很重要,局部邊緣能對(duì)制件的形狀和尺寸保持更大的影響。在這些情況下模具的毛邊也要注意。</p><p> 3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沖壓模具結(jié)構(gòu)庫(kù)的開(kāi)發(fā) </p><p> 3.1 沖壓模具的典型組合 </p>
89、<p> 沖壓模具在結(jié)構(gòu)上差異較大,建立沖壓模具柔 性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)時(shí)最好采用典型的模具結(jié)構(gòu)組合。利用典型的結(jié)構(gòu)組合可以確定模具的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,并由此確定組成模具的各零部件尺寸規(guī)格和裝配關(guān)系。 常用的沖壓模具典型組合結(jié)構(gòu)有 :固定卸料組合、彈壓卸料組合、復(fù)合模組合 、導(dǎo)板模組合等。模 具結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化離不開(kāi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的零件 ,在 Pro/Engineer中標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的模具零件可以在采用 自底向上的設(shè)計(jì)方法 ,也可以采用 自頂向下的設(shè)計(jì)方法。
90、</p><p> 3.2 模具裝配過(guò)程 中的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞 </p><p> 由于結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,所 以沖壓模具結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化時(shí)所要考慮的因素比模架標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化時(shí)所要考慮有因素多得多,其中一個(gè)最重要的因素就是各部件之間的尺寸關(guān)聯(lián)。在一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模具結(jié)構(gòu)組合中,裝配體與部件、部件與部件之 間都需要進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳遞,而在 Pro/Assembly中可 以十分方便地達(dá)到這個(gè)目的。 </p><p
91、> 3.2.1 由裝配體向部件的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞 </p><p> Pro/Program可以利用 EXECUTE語(yǔ)句將裝配體中的參數(shù)向下一級(jí)的子裝配體或部件傳遞,其使用語(yǔ)法格式如下 : EXECUTE PART/ASSEMBLY 文件名 部件或子裝配體中的參數(shù) = 裝配體中的參數(shù) END EXECUTE EXECUTE語(yǔ)句不能越級(jí)傳遞數(shù)據(jù),即不能由 裝配體向其子裝配體中的部件直接傳遞數(shù)據(jù)。 </p&
92、gt;<p> 3.2.2 部件之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞 </p><p> 當(dāng)部件添加到裝配體中都有一個(gè) Id號(hào),利用它可以完成裝配部件之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞。裝配部件的Id號(hào)可以用 RELATIONs菜單中的 Session Id命令來(lái)查詢(xún)。圖 4是在彈壓卸料組合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中裝配卸料彈簧的示意圖。由于裝配到模具中的彈簧已有一定的預(yù)壓縮量 ,因而其 裝配 長(zhǎng)度 (Hs)已不再等 于 自由長(zhǎng)度(H。)。在確定 H 時(shí)
93、,可以利用如下的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系 </p><p> Hs:38= L:32一tbp:0 </p><p> 用這種方法 即可始終保證彈簧的裝配長(zhǎng)度等 于從卸料板上表面到墊板下表面的高度,從而省去了在相關(guān)部件被替換后 的尺寸修改。這在模具設(shè)計(jì) 中 是非常實(shí)用的 ,因?yàn)槟>哐b配 中類(lèi)似的情況還有很多 。再如 ,在確定上模座 卸料螺釘通孔直徑 (dI34) 時(shí) ,就可以利用下面的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系 <
94、/p><p> d134:8=D:32+2</p><p> 這種通過(guò) Id號(hào)建立起來(lái)的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系需要在使用 Regenerate命令后才能生效,所以對(duì)于不同部件上的位置尺寸盡量少用這種方法,以免在初次調(diào)用模具模型時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤 的顯示結(jié)果。但如果在部件之間及參數(shù)來(lái)傳遞數(shù)據(jù),各部件的位置尺寸利用參數(shù)值來(lái)建立數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系,就可以避免上述麻煩 。 </p><p> 3.2.
95、3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件的替換 </p><p> 用 Family Table建 立 的 標(biāo) 準(zhǔn) 零 件 可 以 用lookup.inst語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行替換。Lookup inst允許用戶(hù)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件庫(kù)中查找相 匹配的子零件,如果查找沒(méi)有結(jié)果 ,則返 回一個(gè)通用名【4 J。 </p><p> Lookup.inst語(yǔ)法格式如下 : </p><p> lookup inst(g
96、eneric—name,match-mode,param</p><p> namel,match—valuel,param-name2, match—value2</p><p><b> …) </b></p><p> 其中 match.mode可取 3個(gè)值,分別代表不同的含義 :一為查找參數(shù)值小于或等于查找值的子零件;0為查找參數(shù)
97、值完全匹配查找值的子零件;為查找參數(shù)值大于或等于查找值的子零件。 </p><p> 3.3 模具結(jié)構(gòu)的裝配 </p><p> 完成模具零件庫(kù)建立和理順部件之間的裝配關(guān)系后 ,即可生成模具的裝配模型。圖 5為筆者開(kāi)發(fā)的彈壓卸料組合 中規(guī)格為 200 mm×160 mm的模具結(jié)構(gòu)(略去所有螺紋特征)。 </p><p> 3.4 沖壓模具的調(diào)用 &l
98、t;/p><p> 沖壓模具可以在 Pro/Assembly中直接調(diào)用,也可應(yīng)用 Pro/TOOLKIT開(kāi)發(fā)可視化的用戶(hù)界面來(lái)調(diào)用。Pro/TOOLKIT是 Pro厄 系統(tǒng)提供的二次開(kāi)發(fā)軟件包,其主要 目的是讓用戶(hù)或第三方通過(guò) C程序代 碼擴(kuò)充 Pro/E的功 能 ,開(kāi)發(fā) 基 于Pro/E系統(tǒng) 的應(yīng)用 程序模 塊 ,以滿(mǎn) 足用 戶(hù) 的特殊 需要 。利用 Pro/T00LKIT提供的 UI對(duì)話(huà)框、菜單以及 VC++的
99、 可視化界面技術(shù) ,設(shè)計(jì)出方便 實(shí)用的沖壓模具柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的人機(jī)交互界面。利用交互界面調(diào)用各種結(jié)構(gòu)的沖壓模具 、選用不同規(guī)格 的零件、輸入不同的參數(shù)值 、確定板料參數(shù) 以及其在模具 中的定位,進(jìn)一 步在系統(tǒng) 中設(shè)計(jì)出凸模 、凹模及其他結(jié)構(gòu) ,從而大大 地提高沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)的效率。 </p><p><b> 4 結(jié)束語(yǔ) </b></p><p> 由于沖壓工藝種類(lèi)繁
100、多、工序復(fù)雜,且模具零件形狀多樣,所以在實(shí)現(xiàn)沖壓模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和和開(kāi)發(fā)柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程也十分復(fù)雜,但沖壓模具柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的建立是提高 沖壓模具 CAD應(yīng)用水平 的基石。Pro/E強(qiáng)大的零件、裝配的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)建立的功能 ,為沖壓模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)的可行性提供了有力的保證。在開(kāi)發(fā)柔性設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)時(shí),應(yīng)巧妙地應(yīng)用 Pro/E軟件提供的各種有效工具 ,綜合考慮不同類(lèi)型的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)構(gòu)組合中的裝配關(guān)系。對(duì)部件之間有配合尺寸要求和零件結(jié)構(gòu)有所變動(dòng)情況
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