外文翻譯--關(guān)于大型絞車制動系統(tǒng)最佳設(shè)計方面的研究

1、<p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　Winch brake system on large-scale design of the best</p><p>　　Red Phosphorus Technical Institute of the Chinese Red Phosphorus Muroran Institute of T

2、echnology Muroran Japan Hitachi Machinery Motorcycle laboratory Tsugaru Strait Japan</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　In order to adapt like the tower molding machine, makes the wi

3、nch as far as possible small and light is very important. Therefore, this article reported braking system's optimum design. Because of braking system's precise controllability and so on, the disposition braking s

4、ystems can improve the systems operation the security. The author studied one kind to install on the 1000kw winch brake disc's pliers disc brake, this kind of winch had the 10m/s fluctuation speed.</p><p&g

5、t;<b>　　Preface:</b></p><p>　　In order to do as much as possible to winch the small and light is very important. In this area of a hoist are usually equipped with disc brakes. However, in order to

6、 achieve this objective by trying to improve the braking system, particularly the improved allocation of a brake winch safety of the operation.</p><p>　　Winch is connected with a traditional brake disc brake

7、s. Spring-friction with the pressure in the brake disc, and pressure on the size of the device installed in the braking pressure on the hydraulic cylinder control. If any oil hydraulic cylinder seals broken, the film wil

8、l be exposed to the friction in the mist. This will result in a dangerous results - reduce the pressure on the brake.</p><p>　　To avoid this potential danger, the author of the study indicative of a new type

9、 of brake, people from the maintainability of the view to study this new type of brake agencies.</p><p>　　As brake institutions should also be very small, 20 MPA is considered the work pressure. In order to

10、find the best system for us to study the characteristics of system dynamics.</p><p>　　Braking System</p><p>　　We take a typical winch (1000 kw) as a study example. There are two brake disc and f

11、our groups of institutions targeted in the brake disc. The maximum torque is when the emergencies occurs, is also when the maximum braking torque needs to drop, the maximum braking torque expresses the equality</p>

12、<p><b>　　(1)</b></p><p>　　In the formula </p><p>　　= revolving components moment of inertia () </p><p>　　= components quality () </p><p>　　= winch sp

13、ool diameter ()</p><p>　　= velocity of whirl () </p><p>　　= when loading rope's pulling force () </p><p>　　= when unloading rope's pulling force ()</p><p>　　In

14、this case, when winch's power is 1000 speeds is 100, the equilibrium value is not 100, therefore, biggest braking torque =250 has the following research institute to decide.</p><p>　　Pliers disc brake<

15、;/p><p>　　The demonstration such new style braking system has a pair of clamp. The clamp clamps the brake disc with the brake pad. A on hydraulic cylinder uses for located at side the brake pad opposition to co

16、ntrol installs in the above spring pressure. When eight braking mechanisms simultaneously affect on winch's time, equates affects a 32knm braking torque which in the brake pad center 29kn produces, if friction coeffi

17、cient μ=0.4.</p><p>　　Can see two pair of pliers plates separately by the pin seal in and the feather piece is fixed together on the winch. Ten helical springs place in the together spring assembly can exert

18、 24kn the strength. The strength can through establish adjusts in the above screw rod, in order to on many kinds of specification winch's braking system as far as possible widespread application. Through controls hyd

19、raulic cylinder's flowing tubing head pressure as a priming hydraulic cylinder to control the braki</p><p>　　Control system</p><p>　　The braking mechanism adjusts under the safe premise, wit

20、h the aim of using fully from hydraulic cylinder's pressure oil applies the brake. Two brake valve connects on the hydraulic cylinder; One is a safety valve, one treadons the valve.</p><p>　　Because in t

21、he worldwide scale must increase the work load, winch's power and the winch movement's speed is getting quicker and quicker. Under this kind of environment, to maintain winch's security, braking mechanism'

22、;s characteristic should improve. We had already studied control system's dynamics.</p><p>　　Control system's dynamic simulation</p><p>　　The input signal gives the magnet coil controlli

23、ng spring impels the pressure control valve by this (service brake) pressure F1. Valve's output P2 and driving influence F1 is becomes the proportion under the steady state, achieves the steady state through negative

24、 feedback P2 and the pressure F1 inverse proportion relations. One with the negative feedback connection's accumulator, its role is uses for to remove, because the oil pressure sleeps valve's misalignment quantit

25、y which the nature cause</p><p>　　The related equation is as follows:</p><p>　　in circuit diagram strength equation,</p><p><b>　　(2)</b></p><p>　　Inducts th

26、e feedback room pressure P2</p><p><b>　　(3)</b></p><p>　　Tries to hit the T1= time-constant, pressurize P2, but needs current capacity Q1</p><p><b>　　(4)</b>

27、</p><p>　　Tries to hit the C= leakage coefficient, = fluid density, inflow priming current capacity</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　Tries the medium oil coefficient of volu

28、me Ka to have pressure Pa to cause, R1 is the elasticity coefficient, flows to feedback room current capacity Q2</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　About priming strength equation</p>

29、;<p><b>　　（7）</b></p><p>　　Moreover in here, impels the brake pad strength Fb is,</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　In fact, quality Ma and the displacemen

30、t measure Xa to be small, may neglect in the equality 7 inertia and the viscous friction in the actual system. As a result of this reason, the instruction braking torque Tb response which pressure Pa itself can be approx

31、imate. We simultaneously are trying with mathematics method solution equation set (2)-(8), has the 32Knm braking torque two brakes by each to take a group.</p><p>　　In view of applies in the brake situation

32、routine calculation result, when input signal in stepped changes, pressure Pa fast to installation value change. On ours experience, brake's control system has certainly a best response - - fast response not to cause

33、 the harmful vibration. The best response was considered that should before applying the brake the constant, the best value is 0.3 second. (1)</p><p>　　Is revolving the constant 0.3 change curve around some,

34、 there side has not radiated has not been able to cause the obvious time lag which the system stability goes bad. Compares with the computation result, has other one not to affect the result. It is the obvious accumulato

35、r, not only the time lag was quite short moreover the curve characteristic also to obtain the improvement.</p><p>　　Consideration</p><p>　　This disc brake needs a flexible material to obtain the

36、 same brake pad contact pressure. Usually, the brake pad must expose in the brake process in the high temperature air. As a result of this reason, uses in this kind of situation flexible material, must have the strict li

37、mit.</p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　Has analyzed the disc brake and its control system in here us, these analysis result is summarized for below:a (1) winch stop assembly's method; The disc br

38、ake was already included the plan. This kind of optimum design and the machine match are very good, although the brake had already accepted spring this type, simultaneously its compatibility also obtained the considerati

39、on. (2) through controls the brake pad using the flexible material the contact pressure, causes the contact pressure the ass</p><p><b>　　Thanks</b></p><p>　　The author hoped (the Mur

40、oran i.t student) gentleman expresses sincere thanks to M.Kodo, M.Kodo in these research period has given the very big help.</p><p><b>　　中文譯文</b></p><p>　　關(guān)于大型絞車制動系統(tǒng)最佳設(shè)計方面的研究</p&g

41、t;<p>　　赤磷技術(shù)學(xué)會 赤磷 中國</p><p>　　室蘭技術(shù)學(xué)會 室蘭 日本</p><p>　　日立機(jī)械機(jī)車實(shí)驗(yàn)室 津輕海峽 日本</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　為了適應(yīng)如塔型機(jī)器，把絞車做的盡可能的小而輕是非常重要的。所以，這篇文章報告了制動系統(tǒng)的最佳設(shè)計。因?yàn)?/p>

42、制動系統(tǒng)的精密可控性等等，配置制動系統(tǒng)能改善系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的安全性。作者研究了一種安裝在1000kw絞車制動盤上的鉗盤式制動器，此種絞車有10m/s波動速度。</p><p><b>　　序文</b></p><p>　　為了把絞車做的盡可能的小而輕是非常重要的。在這一個領(lǐng)域提升機(jī)通常都配置有盤式制動器。然而，為了達(dá)到這個目的作者設(shè)法改進(jìn)了制動系統(tǒng)，尤其是改良了配置有制動器

43、絞車的運(yùn)行安全性。</p><p>　　絞車是連接有盤式制動器的一種傳統(tǒng)制動裝置。裝有彈簧的摩擦片壓在制動盤上，并且壓力的大小受裝在制動裝置上的壓力液壓缸控制。如果液壓缸的任何油密封壞掉了，摩擦片就會暴露在油霧中。這樣就會產(chǎn)生一個危險的結(jié)果——制動壓力減小。</p><p>　　為了避免這種潛在的危險，作者研究了圖.2中示意性的一種新型制動機(jī)構(gòu)，人們從可維護(hù)性的觀點(diǎn)來研究了這種新型的制動機(jī)

44、構(gòu)。</p><p>　　由于制動機(jī)構(gòu)也應(yīng)該很小，20 MPA被認(rèn)為是系統(tǒng)的工作壓力。為了找到系統(tǒng)的最佳特性我們學(xué)習(xí)了系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)。 </p><p><b>　　制動系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　我們拿一個典型的絞車(1000kw)作為一個研究的例子。有兩個制動圓盤且四組制動機(jī)構(gòu)配置在圓盤上。最大的扭矩是在緊急事件發(fā)生時，也就是當(dāng)最大的制動

45、扭矩需要下降時，最大的制動扭矩被表示成等式</p><p><b>　　(1)</b></p><p>　　式中 =旋轉(zhuǎn)零件的慣性矩()</p><p><b>　　=零件的質(zhì)量()</b></p><p><b>　　=絞筒直徑()</b></p><p&

46、gt;<b>　　=旋轉(zhuǎn)速度()</b></p><p>　　=裝載時繩索的拉力()</p><p>　　=卸載時繩索的拉力()</p><p>　　在這種情況下，當(dāng)絞車的功率是1000速度是100，不平衡值為100,因此，最大的制動扭矩=250是有下列的研究所決定的。</p><p><b>　　鉗盤式制動器

47、</b></p><p>　　顯示的那樣新式的制動系統(tǒng)有一對夾鉗。夾鉗用閘皮夾緊制動盤。位于閘皮的反對邊上的一個液壓缸用來控制安裝在上面的彈簧壓力的。當(dāng)八個制動機(jī)構(gòu)同時作用在絞車上的時候，等同于閘皮中心作用29kn產(chǎn)生的一個32knm的制動扭矩，假如摩擦系數(shù)μ=0.4 。</p><p>　　能夠看出兩對鉗盤分別被銷釘連接在一起并且銷釘被固定在絞車上。有十根螺旋彈簧安放在一起的

48、彈簧組能夠施加24kn的力。力能夠通過設(shè)置在上面的螺桿來調(diào)整，以便在多種規(guī)格絞車的制動系統(tǒng)上盡可能廣泛的應(yīng)用。作為引動器的一個液壓缸通過控制液壓缸的油壓來控制制動扭矩。由于制動扭矩的遲滯性（相對于控制信號）是由于摩擦引起的，所以引動器被很精密的設(shè)計以便來消除活塞的阻力。一塊彈性材料被放在每個閘皮和鉗盤之間，目的是來得到相同的接觸力。一組鉗盤制動器被安置在制動盤的兩邊。他們的關(guān)系能夠看出來。就象圖中顯示的那樣，裝有新式的鉗盤制動器和絞車有

49、很好的結(jié)合。</p><p><b>　　控制系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　制動機(jī)構(gòu)在安全的前提下調(diào)節(jié)，以便充分利用來自液壓缸的壓力油來制動。有兩個制動閥門連接到液壓缸上；一個是安全閥，一個是腳踏閥。</p><p>　　因?yàn)槭澜绶秶鷥?nèi)都要增加工作量，絞車的功率和絞車運(yùn)行的速度越來越快。在這種環(huán)境下，為了保持絞車的安全性，制動機(jī)構(gòu)的特性應(yīng)該

50、被改進(jìn)。我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了控制系統(tǒng)的動力學(xué)。</p><p><b>　　控制系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)仿真</b></p><p>　　輸入信號送給電磁線圈控制彈簧以此來推動壓力控制閥（腳踏閘）的壓力F1。在穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)下閥的輸出P2和驅(qū)動力F1是成比例的，通過負(fù)回饋P2和壓力F1的反比例關(guān)系來達(dá)到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。有一個和負(fù)回饋連接的加法器，它的角色是用來去除由于油的壓宿性而引起的閥的非線性量

51、。同時這個系統(tǒng)也產(chǎn)生一個相位的提前角。</p><p><b>　　有關(guān)的方程式如下：</b></p><p>　　線路圖中的力的方程式，</p><p><b>　　(2)</b></p><p>　　導(dǎo)入反饋室的壓力P2</p><p><b>　　(3)<

52、;/b></p><p>　　試中T1=時間常數(shù)，產(chǎn)生壓力P2而需要的流量Q1</p><p><b>　　(4)</b></p><p>　　試中C=泄漏系數(shù)，=流體的密度，流入引動器的流量</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　試中油的容積

53、系數(shù)Ka是有壓力Pa引起的，R1為彈性系數(shù)，流入到反饋室的流量Q2</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　關(guān)于引動器的力方程式</p><p><b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　而且在這里，推動閘皮的力 Fb是,</p><p><

54、;b>　?。?）</b></p><p>　　事實(shí)上，質(zhì)量Ma和位移量Xa非常小，以致于在等式7中的慣性和粘性摩擦可以在實(shí)際的系統(tǒng)中被忽略。由于這個原因，壓力Pa本身就能夠近似的指示制動扭矩Tb的響應(yīng)。我們同時試著用數(shù)學(xué)的方法解方程組(2)-(8)，以每個有32Knm制動扭矩的兩個制動器作為一組。</p><p>　　針對應(yīng)用于制動情況的典型計算結(jié)果，當(dāng)輸入信號在一個階段

55、改變的時候，壓力Pa快速的向整定值改變。就我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來說，制動器的控制系統(tǒng)一定有一個最佳的響應(yīng)——快速的響應(yīng)沒有引起有害的震動。最好的響應(yīng)被認(rèn)為應(yīng)在制動常數(shù)之前，最好的值是0.3秒。(1)</p><p>　　在一些圍繞著常數(shù)0.3變化的曲線，那里沒有邊輻射也沒有能引起系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性變壞的明顯的時間滯后。與計算的結(jié)果相比，有另外一個沒有影響結(jié)果。它是明顯的加法器，不但時間滯后比較短而且曲線的特征也得到了改良。<

56、/p><p><b>　　考慮</b></p><p>　　這個盤式制動器需要一個柔性材料來得到相同的閘皮的接觸壓力。通常，閘皮在制動的過程中要暴露在高溫的空氣中。由于這個原因，用在這種場合的柔性材料，必須有嚴(yán)格的限制。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　在這里我們分析了盤式

57、制動器和它的控制系統(tǒng)，這些分析結(jié)果被概括為以下：</p><p>　　(1) 絞車制動器的一個方法；盤式制動器已經(jīng)被列入計劃。這種最佳設(shè)計和機(jī)器匹配的很好，盡管制動器已經(jīng)接受了彈簧這種類型，同時它的適應(yīng)性也得到了考慮。</p><p>　　(2) 通過利用柔性材料來控制閘皮的接觸壓力，使接觸壓力的分配是相同的，但是柔性材料的選擇需要十分的仔細(xì)。</p><p>