外文翻譯---公共工程可持續(xù)發(fā)展的物流運作的政策啟示

1、<p>　　江 漢 大 學(xué) 文 理 學(xué) 院</p><p>　　College of Arts & Science of Jianghan University</p><p><b>　　畢業(yè)論文</b></p><p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　2012

2、年 4 月 15 日</p><p>　　Public Works Policy Implications of Sustainable Logistics Operation</p><p>　　efficient and reliable transportation is crucial for effective RL, but this “cradle-tocradle” f

3、low of materials, as opposed to the traditionally monodirectional flow, creates new demands on public infrastructure. The increasing adoption of RL programs has the potential to exasperate some existing public works mode

4、s and bottlenecks. </p><p>　　In some cases, it will require new infrastructure and policies. This research examines the literature and uses a model to begin to examine how public works efforts can improve &l

5、t;/p><p>　　private sector RL operations.</p><p>　　There are numerous disposition options for the returns, but to make RL sustainable, a lean and green approach must be institutionalized in processi

6、ng </p><p>　　returns (Fleischmann et al., 1997). Lean aspects account for the reclaiming of assets </p><p>　　from returned products while keeping recovery costs to a minimum and within the </

7、p><p>　　shortest time frame. Thus, RL may be an area where companies can gain a sizeable </p><p>　　advantage over their competitors (Adebanjo & Xiao, 2006). Although green aspects </p>&

8、lt;p>　　account only for the environmentally proper disposal of returned goods, the public </p><p>　　good arising from a combination of lean and green aspects leads to government </p><p>　　inv

9、olvement with the adoption of lean and green logistics.</p><p>　　Supporting RL efforts by businesses can be an important component of community </p><p>　　sustainability efforts as it encourages

10、companies to recycle and reduce pollution. For </p><p>　　example Exxon Mobil Oil Company has an RL system for used motor oil, which is </p><p>　　important for the environment because just 1 gall

11、on of used oil can contaminate 1 million </p><p>　　gallons of water. The District of Columbia currently recycles 18.3% of the waste collected through the Department of Public Works’ residential collection pr

12、ogram. </p><p>　　It costs the district about US$25 to haul and dispose of 1 ton of recyclable materials and </p><p>　　US$60 per ton of nonrecyclable trash (District of Columbia, 2011). If compan

13、ies are </p><p>　　responsible for their share of disposal through efficient RL operations, it is estimated </p><p>　　that the district could be able to save 10% or more of its disposal costs. Ap

14、ple has </p><p>　　instituted an RL program in cities and college campuses in 95% of the countries where </p><p>　　their products are sold, diverting more than 130.2 million pounds of equipment f

15、rom </p><p>　　landfills since 1994. In addition to being good for business, RL has a direct connection to local sustainability efforts.</p><p>　　Most of the RL-related policy research focus has

16、been on environmental policy and </p><p>　　RL, but there are less studied implications for public infrastructure management and </p><p>　　policy. First, RL is expected to increase the movement o

17、f freight by 10%, and this will </p><p>　　affect already congested transportation networks (Tibben-Lembke & Rogers, 2002). </p><p>　　This means that transportation planners need to factor th

18、e increased and changed freight </p><p>　　flows into their long-range transportation plans. Second, the new spatial requirements </p><p>　　of industries embracing RL can affect public infrastruc

19、ture. For example, hub-andspoke remanufacturing centers create significant truck traffic often involving hazardous </p><p>　　materials. Third, existing hazardous waste regulations are not consistent from sta

20、te to </p><p>　　state; therefore, transporting demanufactured materials across state lines is a complex </p><p>　　process, and, in turn, there needs to be an evaluation of hazardous waste moveme

21、nt </p><p>　　policies. Fourth, there needs to be more coordination with the waste management community and the location of facilities such as landfills. Finally, there are Intelligent </p><p>　　

22、Transportation Systems (ITS) implications because technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and automated tracking, and so on will improve RL operations. RL is an aspect of sustainability that needs to b

23、e better understood by the public </p><p>　　works management and policy community to help businesses be lean and green. This </p><p>　　article begins the exploration of the relationship between

24、RL and public works management and policy by examining the public works–related needs of business.</p><p>　　According to the Reverse Logistics Executive Council (RLEC, 2011), the average </p><p>

25、;　　annual cost of handling, transportation, and processing of returned products in the </p><p>　　United States is between 0.5% and 1% of the total U.S. GDP (gross domestic product; </p><p>　　San

26、thanum, 2006). This estimate excludes disposition management, administration </p><p>　　Downloaded from pwm.sagepub.com by guest on April 29, 2012Miller and Sarder 71</p><p>　　time, and the cost

27、of converting unproductive returns into productive assets. The </p><p>　　overall amount of RL activities in the economy is growing, driven by a number of </p><p>　　factors, including online sal

28、es (Álvarez-Gil, Berrone, Husillos, & Lado, 2007; </p><p>　　Pokharel & Mutha, 2009). The increasing volume of product returns necessitates the lean management of the RL.</p><p>　　Ty

29、pically returns happen because something is wrong somewhere in the long supply chain pipeline. It is also to be noted that returns also happen even if all the businesses processes are perfect. The focus of much recent re

30、search is how to tap the former and analyze the reasons for returns from various supply chain actors’ point of </p><p><b>　　view.</b></p><p>　　After zeroing on the return reason for

31、each actor, companies strive to use this </p><p>　　feedback information for future purposes so that the number of returns is minimized </p><p>　　and profits are improved. Thus, by improving a re

32、gion’s ability to conduct efficient </p><p>　　RCS operations, public works agencies can support economic development.</p><p>　　公共工程可持續(xù)發(fā)展的物流回收運作的政策啟示</p><p>　　高效和可靠的運輸是至關(guān)重要的有效手段，但材料的

33、流動這個不定的，反對的傳統(tǒng)流，公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上創(chuàng)建了新的要求。方案越來越多地采用有可能激怒一些現(xiàn)有的公共工程模式和瓶頸。</p><p>　　在某些情況下，這將需要新的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和政策。本研究探討文學(xué)和使用模型開始研究如何能改善公共工程的努力</p><p>　　有回報的眾多配置選項，而是使可持續(xù)發(fā)展，必須制度化，精益和綠色的方式加工回報（弗萊希曼等，1997）。精益生產(chǎn)方面占資產(chǎn)回收從返回的

34、產(chǎn)品，同時恢復(fù)成本降到最低，并在最短的時間框架。因此，RL可能是一個公司能獲得可觀的地方超過其競爭對手的優(yōu)勢。雖然綠色方面帳戶僅用于環(huán)保妥善處置退貨，市民結(jié)合精益和綠色方面所產(chǎn)生的良好導(dǎo)致政府通過精益和綠色物流的介入。</p><p>　　支持企業(yè)的努力可以成為社會的重要組成部分可持續(xù)發(fā)展的努力，因為它鼓勵企業(yè)回收利用和減少污染。例如，?？松梨谑凸居糜跈C油物流回收制度，這是因為環(huán)境的重要，因為只有1加侖廢

35、油可污染1百萬加侖的水。目前哥倫比亞特區(qū)回收廢物收集通過公共工程住宅集合計劃署的18.3％。它的成本約25美元的區(qū)拖拉和處理1噸可回收材料</p><p>　　60美元每噸的垃圾（哥倫比亞特區(qū)，2011年）。如果公司負(fù)責(zé)其份額的處置回收通過有效的業(yè)務(wù)，據(jù)估計該地區(qū)可能能夠節(jié)省10％或更多的處置成本。蘋果公司在城市和大學(xué)校園中95％的國家里實行物流回收方案其產(chǎn)品主要銷往，挪用超過130.2萬磅的設(shè)備垃圾填埋場自19

36、94年以來。除了業(yè)務(wù)好，物流回收有直接連接當(dāng)?shù)乜沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的努力。</p><p>　　最新物流回收相關(guān)政策研究的重點一直在環(huán)境政策，但也有少公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施管理研究的影響。首先，物流稅收是預(yù)計將增加10％，貨運，這將影響已擁擠的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這意味著，交通規(guī)劃者必須考慮到運費增加和改變遠(yuǎn)距離運輸計劃的流入。其次，新的空間要求擁抱產(chǎn)業(yè)RL可以影響公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。例如，再制造中心創(chuàng)造顯著的卡車交通經(jīng)常涉及危險材料。第三，現(xiàn)

37、有的危險廢物的規(guī)定并不一致狀態(tài)狀態(tài)，因此，跨州運輸材料是一個復(fù)雜的過程中，反過來，有需要是一個危險廢物運動的評價政策。第四，需要有更多協(xié)調(diào)與廢物管理社區(qū)的設(shè)施，如垃圾填埋場的位置。最后，有智能交通運輸系統(tǒng)（ITS）的影響，因為如無線電頻率識別（RFID）和自動跟蹤等技術(shù)，將改善物流回收行動。這是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個方面，需要更好地了解公眾的意愿。</p><p>　　工程管理和政策的社會，幫助企業(yè)精益和綠色。這文章

38、開頭物流稅收和公共工程的管理和政策之間的關(guān)系，探索研究公共工程相關(guān)的業(yè)務(wù)需求。 根據(jù)逆向物流執(zhí)行委員會（RLEC，2011），平均每年在退回產(chǎn)品的裝卸，運輸，處理成本占美國的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的0.5％和1％，（國內(nèi)總產(chǎn)值的產(chǎn)品;santhanum，2006年）。這個估計不包括處置管理，行政管理從4月29日，2012時間和非生產(chǎn)性收益轉(zhuǎn)化成生產(chǎn)性資產(chǎn)的成本。經(jīng)濟RL活動總量增長的推動下，由一批因素，包括網(wǎng)上銷售（阿爾瓦雷斯 -&

39、#160;吉爾，Berrone，Husillos，與拉多，2007;pokharel與穆薩，2009）。產(chǎn)品退貨的數(shù)量不斷增加，必須精益管理的RL。通常情況下返回發(fā)生，因為事情是錯的，在長期的供應(yīng)鏈管道的地方。這也是要注意的回報也有可能發(fā)生，即使所有的業(yè)務(wù)流程是完美的。許多最近的研究重點是如何挖掘前，并從不同的供應(yīng)鏈演員的角度分析退貨的原因。在零上的每一個演員的回報的原因，公司力爭用未來的目的，使回報的數(shù)量最小化的反饋信息和利潤得到改善