單閉環(huán)溫度控制系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　通信工程學院</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)論文（設計）外文翻譯</p><p>　　題目 單閉環(huán)溫度控制系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　外文題目Single-chip temperature control system</p><p><b>　　專業(yè)：自動化 </b>

2、;</p><p>　　學號：52090523 </p><p><b>　　學生姓名：李文鵬 </b></p><p><b>　　指導教師姓名： </b></p><p><b>　　指導教師職稱：教授</b></p><p>　　日期：

3、 2013年 3月 16日</p><p>　　Single-chip temperature control system</p><p>　　1 temperature sensor</p><p>　　The temperature sensor in the electric incubator control system is one of

4、 the very important components, will be responsible for the acquisition of the temperature of the incubator, that is, from time to time to acquisition the temperature of the incubator. It is to preach the collected tempe

5、rature control section, and then the need for heating or stop heating a series of actions by the control section temperature sensor is a temperature probe of the electric incubator, so for the temperature se</p>&

6、lt;p>　　The temperature is closely related to the physical quantity of a people's living environment is also a need to control the important physical quantities in scientific experiments and production activities.

7、Therefore, in a variety of sensors, the temperature sensor is the most widely used. The temperature sensor is a temperature change is converted to electrical changes in the device, used to detect the temperature and heat

8、, also called thermoelectric sensor. Which temperature changes into the ma</p><p>　　Temperature materials, the measured temperature into the temperature measurement system for measuring resistance, the main

9、metal heat resistive and semiconductor thermal resistance of two categories, the former is referred to as thermal resistance, which referred to the thermistor. Their resistance with increasing temperature, and some incre

10、ase in a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, and some reduce that belong to the negative temperature coefficient thermistor. Used to measure tempera</p><p>　　2 thermal resistance characteristics of&

11、lt;/p><p>　　Most of the metal resistance of the conductor varies with temperature characteristics, its characteristic equation is as follows:</p><p>　　Rt = Ro [1 + a (t-to)] where Rt, said resistan

12、ce value of the metal in any absolute temperature at time t; of Ro said that the baseline state to when the resistance value; a temperature coefficient thermistor (1 / º C) . For the vast majority of the metal condu

13、ctor, a is not a constant, but the function of temperature, but within a certain temperature range, can be approximated as a constant. Metal conductor, a constant corresponding to the temperature range. The general elect

14、ion for the tempera</p><p>　　3 system hardware design</p><p>　　Microcomputer application system hardware circuit design is based single-chip temperature control system to configure peripheral de

15、vices, the optimal system configuration, in accordance with the system functional requirements, design the appropriate interface such as keyboard, monitor, printer, A / D converter, circuit. The system design should be b

16、ased on the following principles:</p><p>　　(1) If possible, choose a typical circuit, and in line with conventional single-chip usage. The design uses a typical display circuit, the A / D conversion circuit,

17、 for the standardization of hardware systems, modular lay a good foundation.</p><p>　　(2) hardware architecture should be combined with application software programs to be considered. Software to achieve the

18、 functionality as much as possible by the software, to simplify the hardware structure. By the software implementation of hardware features, the general response time than the hardware to achieve long, and CPU time. Reac

19、tion time is not due to the design, so there are some features you can use the software programming, such as a keyboard to the jitter problem.</p><p>　　(3) in the device as possible the performance to match.

20、 All the chips in the system should be as far as possible choose low-power products.</p><p>　　The hardware circuit including analog and digital sections, up from functional modules divided into the host circ

21、uit, data acquisition circuitry, keyboard and display circuit, control the implementation of the circuit. The system hardware includes: temperature sensors, signal conditioning circuits, A / D conversion device, the MCS-

22、51 microcontroller, keyboard input, LED temperature display, temperature control circuit.</p><p>　　4 chip select</p><p>　　The microcontroller is integrated on a silicon micro-computer microproce

23、ssors, memory and various input and output interface circuit, referred to the microcontroller. Microcontroller with its high performance and low cost by the people's attention and concern. Its advantage is small size

24、, light weight, strong anti-jamming capability, less demanding on the environment, low-cost, high reliability, good flexibility, easier to develop. The microcontroller according to the median of its basic operati</p&g

25、t;<p>　　5 temperature detection</p><p>　　The design of the subject of temperature control range of 25-80 degrees Celsius, the temperature sensor with integrated temperature sensor AD590 semiconductor.

26、 A/D590 with high accuracy and repeatability, without auxiliary power, linear, easy to use, easy computer system monitoring and control. The measured temperature signal all the way on behalf of the measured temperature f

27、rom AD590 voltage signal, amplified by the temperature conditioning circuits make it to fit in the A / D converter input </p><p>　　6 A / D converter circuit</p><p>　　A / D conversion circuit typ

28、es, for example, counting type, successive approximation, dual slope and so on. Select A / D conversion device from the conversion speed, accuracy and price considerations. Successive approximation type A / D converter,

29、precision, speed and price are relatively modest, the most common A / D converter. Double integral A / D converter has the advantages of high precision, good anti-jamming, low prices, but the conversion speed is slow. In

30、 the field of computer applicati</p><p>　　7 keyboard input</p><p>　　The keyboard can be divided into coded keyboard and non-coding-style keyboard, closed the identification of the key on the key

31、board by a dedicated hardware decoder and generate a key number and key called coding keyboard; rely on software to identify the non-coded keyboard. Measurement and control system of the microcontroller, the most used no

32、n-coded keyboard. Here is the non-coding keyboard. Keyboard connection with a separate connection type, the connection to the simplified procedure | <<<<<</p><p>　　8 LED display</p><

33、;p>　　The use of microcomputer application system displays the main light-emitting diode display (LED) and liquid crystal display (LCD). The LED as a system of data display has a low price, performance, stability and f

34、ast response characteristics. LED displays are static, dynamic display and serial display. In order to save the hardware resources of the system itself, here LED display with serial static display. Using the serial port

35、can work in the shift register mode, the drive LED static display. S</p><p>　　9 control circuit</p><p>　　As a single-chip system, the control circuit to the channel, he is the MCU after the digi

36、tal control signal output port output, and the digital signal for the control of the control object. Microcontroller output signal level is low, you can not directly drive the peripherals, so the microcontroller peripher

37、als need to channel drive signal level conversion and isolation amplifier technology. The design uses a relay as the main control circuit devices, the DC signal to control the AC load can be </p><p>　　10 sys

38、tem software design</p><p>　　System software design is modular in design, the use of modular design to simplify the preparation of the system software, software development, more simple ideas. The system sof

39、tware mainly consists of three modules: the main program module, function module and the operator control module. The main program module is used to jump between the various subroutines. Functions module from A / D conve

40、rsion routine part of the keyboard handling routines, display routines, relay control procedures. The </p><p><b>　　單閉環(huán)溫度控制系統(tǒng)</b></p><p><b>　　1．溫度傳感器</b></p><p&

41、gt;　　電熱恒溫箱控制系統(tǒng)的溫度傳感器是非常重要的組成部分之一，將負責恒溫箱的溫度，不時提取恒溫箱的溫度。到宣揚所收集的溫度控制部分，然后進行加熱的需要或停止加熱的一系列動作的控制部的溫度傳感器是一個溫度探頭的電孵化器，以便為溫度傳感器的性能，包括其的技術指標工作的穩(wěn)定性，可靠性和靈敏度必須確保，因為它直接影響了整個控制系統(tǒng)的操作的。</p><p>　　一個人的生活環(huán)境的溫度是密切相關的物理量，也是一個需要控

42、制的科學實驗和生產(chǎn)活動的重要物理量。因此，在各種傳感器，所述溫度傳感器是最廣泛使用的。所述溫度傳感器的溫度變化轉(zhuǎn)換為電氣設備中的變化，也稱為熱電傳感器，用于檢測溫度和熱。其中進入主組件的溫度變化的電阻值變化的熱電阻，熱敏電阻和聚合物NTC，PTC熱敏電阻的電阻值，溫度的熱電偶和PN結(jié)傳感器電勢傳感器，熱電探測器的電氣量的熱輻射轉(zhuǎn)換裝置，紅外探測器，除了集成溫度傳感器，光纖溫度傳感器，液晶溫度傳感器，以及智能溫度傳感器等，越來越多的類型的

43、應用程序已成為日益廣泛。</p><p>　　溫度的材料，所測量到的溫度的溫度測量系統(tǒng)，用于測量電阻時，主金屬發(fā)熱電阻和半導體的熱電阻兩類，前者被稱為作為熱敏電阻，其中提到的熱敏電阻。它們的電阻與溫度的增加，和一些在一個正溫度系數(shù)（PTC）的熱敏電阻的增加，和一些減少屬于的負溫度系數(shù)（PTC）的熱敏電阻。用于測量溫度-200?500ºC的溫度范圍內(nèi)500?1200ºC，也有足夠好的特點。<

44、;/p><p><b>　　2．熱電阻特性</b></p><p>　　大部分的金屬的導體的電阻與溫度特性而變化，其特征方程如下：</p><p>　　Rt的=R0[1+α（t-t0 ）]其中，Rt，所述電阻值的任何絕對溫度在時間t中的金屬;的Ro所述基線狀態(tài)時的電阻值的溫度系數(shù)（PTC）的熱敏電阻（1 / ºC）。對于絕大多數(shù)的金屬導體

45、，是不是一個常數(shù)，但溫度的函數(shù)，但在一定的溫度范圍之內(nèi)，可以近似為一常數(shù)。金屬導體，一個恒定的溫度范圍相對應。換屆選舉的溫度電阻的材料必須符合下列要求：（1）電阻溫度系數(shù)更高，因此，在同等條件下的熱響應速度可以加快，并提高了靈敏度。一般純的金屬合金的溫度系數(shù)一般是純的金屬材料制成的。 （2）的溫度范圍內(nèi)的化學，物理性質(zhì)，為了確保熱敏電阻的溫度測量的準確性。 （3）電阻和溫度之間的溫度范圍內(nèi)具有良好的輸出特性，必須有一個線性或接近線性的關

46、系。 （4）具有高電阻率，以減少的體積和重量的熱阻。 （5）具有良好的可加工性，而且價格便宜。合適的材料如鉑，銅，鐵和鎳。它們的電阻隨溫度的升高而增加，具有正溫度系數(shù)。</p><p><b>　　3．系統(tǒng)硬件設計</b></p><p>　　微機應用系統(tǒng)的硬件電路的設計是基于單芯片的溫度控制系統(tǒng)，外圍設備配置，優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)配置，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)功能要求，設計相應的接口，如鍵盤，

47、顯示器，打印機，A/ D轉(zhuǎn)換器電路。該系統(tǒng)的設計應根據(jù)以下原則：</p><p>　　（1）如果可能的話，選擇典型電路，與傳統(tǒng)的單芯片的使用。本設計采用了典型的顯示電路，A / D轉(zhuǎn)換電路，硬件系統(tǒng)的標準化，模塊化打下了良好的基礎。</p><p>　?。?）應結(jié)合硬件架構的應用軟件程序需要考慮的。盡可能多的軟件來實現(xiàn)的功能由軟件實現(xiàn)，以簡化硬件結(jié)構。由軟件實現(xiàn)的硬件功能，一般響應時間比硬

48、件實現(xiàn)長，和CPU時間。反應時間是不是由于設計的，所以有一些功能，你可以使用軟件編程，如鍵盤的抖動問題。</p><p>　　（3）在盡可能設備的性能匹配。所有的芯片在系統(tǒng)中應盡可能選擇低功耗的產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　硬件電路包括模擬和數(shù)字部分，從功能分為主機電路，數(shù)據(jù)采集電路，鍵盤和顯示電路的模塊，控制電路的實施。該系統(tǒng)的硬件包括：溫度傳感器，信號調(diào)理電路，A/ D轉(zhuǎn)換裝置，MCS-

49、51單片機，鍵盤輸入，LED溫度顯示，溫度控制電路</p><p><b>　　4．芯片的選擇</b></p><p>　　微控制器被集成在硅微型計算機的微處理器，存儲器和各種輸入和輸出接口電路，稱為微控制器。微控制器以其高性能和低成本受到人們的重視和關注。它的優(yōu)點是體積小，重量輕，抗干擾能力強，對環(huán)境要求不高，成本低，可靠性高，柔韌性好，更容易開發(fā)。所述的微控制器，

50、其基本操作處理的中位數(shù)可分為4，8，16，32位微控制器，最廣泛使用的是8個的單芯片。根據(jù)本設計中，設計AT89C51作為系統(tǒng)控制器芯片的實際情況和要求。 AT89C51是一種低功耗，高性能CMOS 8位微控制器，具有4K的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)可編程Flash存儲器。使用Atmel的高密度非易失性內(nèi)存技術，與工業(yè)80C51產(chǎn)品指令和引腳完全兼容。 Flash允許程序存儲器在系統(tǒng)可編程，也適用于傳統(tǒng)的編程片上。</p><p>

51、<b>　　5．個溫度檢測</b></p><p>　　設計溫度控制范圍為25-80攝氏度，將溫度傳感器與集成溫度傳感器AD590半導體的主題。 A/D590具有精度高，重復性好，無需輔助電源，線性的，易于使用，便于計算機系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測和控制。所測得的溫度信號代表AD590由溫度調(diào)節(jié)電路放大的電壓信號，從所測定的溫度上的所有的方式使得它適合在將A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器的輸入電壓范圍0-5V的范圍內(nèi)。&l

52、t;/p><p>　　6 . A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器電路</p><p>　　A / D轉(zhuǎn)換電路類型，例如，計數(shù)型，逐次逼近型，雙坡等。選擇A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器的轉(zhuǎn)換速度，準確度和價格方面的考慮。逐次逼近型A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器，精度，速度和價格都比較適中，最常見的A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器。雙積分A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器具有精度高，抗干擾性好，價格低，但轉(zhuǎn)換速度很慢。在計算機領域的應用近年來也被廣泛使用。本設計使用了8個8個

53、模擬輸入通道逐次逼近型A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器，ADC0809。使用ADC0809作為與微控制器的接口電路，其結(jié)構是相對簡單的，高的轉(zhuǎn)換速度。 ADC0809作為A / D轉(zhuǎn)換器與微控制器連接簡單的優(yōu)點，它的八個轉(zhuǎn)換器可直接連接8個微控制器，從而簡化了系統(tǒng)的連接電路，也有利于寫的系統(tǒng)軟件。</p><p><b>　　7. 鍵盤輸入</b></p><p>　　鍵盤可分為編碼

54、鍵盤和非編碼式鍵盤，關閉了識別的關鍵在鍵盤上通過專用的硬件解碼器，并生成一個密鑰的數(shù)量和編碼鍵盤的鍵名為依靠軟件來識別非編碼鍵盤。測量和控制系統(tǒng)的單片機，最常用的非編碼鍵盤。這里是在非編碼的鍵盤。鍵盤連接一個單獨的連接類型，連接的簡化程序| <<<<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 >>>>> |寫作</p><p><b>　　8

55、. LED顯示</b></p><p>　　微型計算機應用系統(tǒng)的顯示的使用的主要的光的發(fā)光二極管顯示器（LED）和液晶顯示器（LCD）。 LED作為系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，低廉的價格，性能，穩(wěn)定性和響應速度快的特點。 LED顯示屏是靜態(tài)的，動態(tài)顯示和串口顯示。為了節(jié)省系統(tǒng)本身的硬件資源，這里的LED顯示屏串行靜態(tài)顯示。使用串行端口可以工作在移位寄存器模式，驅(qū)動LED靜態(tài)顯示。所以，你可以充分利用并行端口和并行

56、端口最需要的地方去，而主要程序不掃描顯示，它有更多的時間來處理其他的事情。這種方法是用來顯示位數(shù)，顯示亮度可達到非常不錯的顯示效果。</p><p><b>　　9. 控制電路</b></p><p>　　作為一個單芯片的系統(tǒng)中，控制電路的信道時，他是MCU輸出的數(shù)字控制信號的輸出端口，和數(shù)字信號的控制對象的控制后。微控制器輸出信號電平低，你不能直接驅(qū)動的外圍設備，所

57、以需要通道驅(qū)動器的信號電平轉(zhuǎn)換和隔離放大器技術的微控制器外設。該設計使用一個繼電器作為主控制電路裝置，直流信號來控制AC負載可通過中繼功能的實現(xiàn)，以實現(xiàn)單芯片的系統(tǒng)控制功能。</p><p>　　10. 系統(tǒng)的軟件設計</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)軟件設計采用模塊化設計，采用模塊化設計，簡化了編寫系統(tǒng)軟件，軟件開發(fā)，更簡單的想法。系統(tǒng)軟件主要由三個模塊組成：主程序模塊，功能模塊和操作員控制模塊