外文翻譯---混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)配筋設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p>　　Concrete structure reinforcement design</p><p>　　SheyanboⅠ WangchenjiaⅡ</p><p>　?、?Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd. Heilongjiang Dongyu</p><p>　?、?Heilongjiang Provinc

2、e, East Building Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd. Coal</p><p>　　Abstract：Structure in the long-term natural environment and under the use environment's function, its function is weaken inevitably gradual

3、ly, our structural engineering's duty not just must finish the building earlier period the project work, but must be able the science appraisal structure damage objective law and the degree, and adopts the effective

4、method guarantee structure the security use, that the structure reinforcement will become an important work. What may foresee will be the 21st ce</p><p>　　Key word： Concrete structure reinforcement brickin

5、g-up structure reinforcement steel structure reinforcement </p><p>　　1 Concrete structure reinforcement </p><p>　　Concrete structure's reinforcement divides into the direct reinfo

6、rcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, when the design may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method and the necessary technology. </p><p>　　The

7、 direct reinforcement's general method</p><p>　　1）Enlarges the section reinforcement law </p><p>　　Adds the concretes cast-in-place level in the reinforced concrete member in bending compre

8、ssion zone, may increase the section effective height, the expansion cross sectional area, thus enhances the component right section anti-curved, the oblique section anti-cuts ability and the section rigidity, plays the

9、reinforcement reinforcement the role.</p><p>　　In the suitable muscle scope, the concretes change curved the component right section supporting capacity increase along with the area of reinforcement and the

10、intensity enhance. In the original component right section ratio of reinforcement not too high situation, increases the main reinforcement area to be possible to propose the plateau component right section anti-curved su

11、pporting capacity effectively. Is pulled in the section the area to add the cast-in-place concrete jacket to increase th</p><p>　　Enlarges the section reinforcement law construction craft simply, compatible,

12、 and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in Liang, the board, the column, the wall and the general structure concretes reinforcement; But scene construction's wet operating time is long

13、, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction. </p><p>　　2) Replacement concretes reinforcement law</p><p>　　This law'

14、;s merit with enlarges the method of sections to be close, and after reinforcing, does not affect building's clearance, but similar existence construction wet operating time long shortcoming; Is suitable somewhat low

15、 or has concretes carrier's and so on serious defect Liang, column in the compression zone concretes intensity reinforcement. </p><p>　　3) The caking outsourcing section reinforcement law</p><

16、;p>　　Outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement is wraps in the section or the steel plate is reinforced component's outside, outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforces reinforced concrete Liang to use the we

17、t outsourcing law generally, namely uses the epoxy resinification to be in the milk and so on methods with to reinforce the section the construction commission to cake a whole, after the reinforcement component, because

18、is pulled with the compressed steel cross sectional area large scale enh</p><p>　　This law also said that the wet outside Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement law, the stress is reliable, the construction is s

19、imple, the scene work load is small, but is big with the steel quantity, and uses in above not suitably 600C in the non-protection's situation the high temperature place; Is suitable does not allow in the use obvious

20、ly to increase the original component section size, but requests to sharpen its bearing capacity large scale the concrete structure reinforcement. </p><p>　　4) Sticks the steel reinforcement law</p>

21、<p>　　Outside the reinforced concrete member in bending sticks the steel reinforcement is (right section is pulled in the component supporting capacity insufficient sector area, right section compression zone or obl

22、ique section) the superficial glue steel plate, like this may enhance is reinforced component's supporting capacity, and constructs conveniently. </p><p>　　This law construction is fast, the scene not w

23、et work or only has the plastering and so on few wet works, to produces is small with the life influence, and after reinforcing, is not remarkable to the original structure outward appearance and the original clearance a

24、ffects, but the reinforcement effect is decided to a great extent by the gummy craft and the operational level; Is suitable in the withstanding static function, and is in the normal humidity environment to bend or the te

25、nsion member r</p><p>　　5) Glue fibre reinforcement plastic reinforcement law</p><p>　　Outside pastes the textile fiber reinforcement is pastes with the cementing material the fibre reinforcemen

26、t compound materials in is reinforced the component to pull the region, causes it with to reinforce the section joint work, achieves sharpens the component bearing capacity the goal. Besides has glues the steel plate sim

27、ilar merit, but also has anticorrosive muddy, bears moistly, does not increase the self-weight of structure nearly, durably, the maintenance cost low status merit, but needs</p><p>　　This law's good and

28、bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding for

29、ce to the compressional member the situation. </p><p>　　6) Reeling law </p><p>　　This law's good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement w

30、hich is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. </p><p>　　7) Fang bolt anch

31、or law </p><p>　　This law is suitable in the concretes intensity rank is the C20~C60 concretes load-bearing member transformation, the reinforcement; It is not suitable for already the above structure which

32、 and the light quality structure makes decent seriously. </p><p>　　The indirect reinforcement's general method</p><p>　　Pre-stressed reinforcement law</p><p>　　(1)Thepre-stress

33、ed horizontal tension bar reinforces concretes member in bending,because the pre-stressed and increases the exterior load the combined action, in the tension bar has the axial tension, this strength eccentric transmits o

34、n the component through the pole end anchor (, when tension bar and Liang board bottom surface close fitting, tension bar can look for tune together with component, this fashion has partial pressures to transmit directly

35、 for component bottom surface), has the ecce</p><p>　　As a result of the horizontal lifting stem's function, the original component's section stress characteristic by received bends turned the eccent

36、ric compression, therefore, after the reinforcement, component's supporting capacity was mainly decided in bends under the condition the original component's supporting capacity 。</p><p>　　(2) After

37、the reinforced concrete component uses under the pre-stressed to support the type tension bar reinforcement decides, forms one by to reinforce the component and under supports the compound ultra statically determinate st

38、ructure system which the type tension bar is composed, under the outside load and the pre-stressed combined action, in the tension bar has the axial force and through (next supports and pole end anchor spot) with compone

39、nt's combining site transmits for is reinforced th</p><p>　　This law can reduce is reinforced component's stress level, not only causes the reinforcement effect to be good, moreover can also the grea

40、t scope enhance the structure overall supporting capacity, but after reinforcing, has certain influence to the original structure outward appearance; Is suitable as well as is under the high stress, the high strained con

41、dition concretes component's reinforcement in the great span or the heavy structure reinforcement, but in the non-protection's situation, can</p><p>　　2)Increases the supporting reinforcement law<

42、/p><p>　　The addition pivot reinforcement law is through the reduced member in bending effective span, achieves the reduced function, in is reinforced on the component to carry the effect, raises the structure

43、load bearing level the goal. This law simple reliable, but easy to harm building's original condition and the use function, possibly and reduces uses the space; Is suitable in the concrete term permission concrete st

44、ructure reinforcement. </p><p>　　1.3 The concrete structure reinforcement transformation necessary use's technology </p><p>　　1) The request trades the technology </p><p>　　It

45、 is the joist (either truss) opens the column (or wall), the joist terminal and the joist trades technologies and so on column to call generally; Belongs to one kind of comprehensive technology, by the related structure

46、reinforcement, the superstructure goes against rises with to reposition as well as abandons technologies and so on component demolition to be composed; Is suitable in had building's reinforcement transformation; Comp

47、ares with the traditional practices, has the construction time</p><p>　　2）Plants the muscle technology </p><p>　　It is one item is simple and direct to the concrete structure, the effective con

48、nection and the anchor technology; May implant the ordinary steel bar, may also implant the bolt type anchor muscle; Has widely applied in had building's reinforcement improvement project, for example: In the constru

49、ction leaks buries the steel bar or the steel bar deviation designs the position the recovery, the component increases the section reinforcement to make up the muscle, the superstructure expands cross, go</p><

50、p>　　3）Crack patching technology </p><p>　　According to the concretes crack's cause, the character and the size, use seal differently protect the method to carry on patching, one kind of skill which c

51、auses the structure because to crack reduces the use function which and the durability can restore; Is suitable in had in the building each kind of crack processing, but to the stress crack, besides patching, still shoul

52、d use the corresponding reinforcement measure. The internal patching law is with the forcing pump the cementing material pr</p><p>　　4）Carbonized concretes repair technology </p><p>　　It is ref

53、ers to through restores the concretes the alkalinity (inactivation) or increases its impedance to enable the steel bar corrosion which the carbonization creates to obtain the containment technology.</p><p>　

54、　5）Concretes surface treatment technology </p><p>　　It is refers to uses cleaning up concretes surface stains, the oil mark, the residual as well as the other attachment and so on chemistry method, mechanic

55、al method, sand blasting method, vacuum cleaning method, injection method skill. </p><p>　　6）Coagulation mantle of soil seal technology</p><p>　　It is refers to uses flexible methods and so on

56、aquaseal backfill, polymer grouting, paint film to carry on the waterproofing to the concretes, moisture-proof and against crack processing technology. Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustme

57、nt structure base frequency technology and so on. </p><p>　　7）Other technologies </p><p>　　Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency techn

58、ology and so on. </p><p>　　Bricking-up structure </p><p>　　Bricking-up structure reinforcement method: The bricking-up structure's reinforcement divides into when the direct reinforcement

59、and reinforces two kinds indirectly, the design, may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method. </p><p>　　suitable for the bricking-up structure direc

60、t reinforcement method</p><p>　　Outside reinforced concrete superimposed layer reinforcement law</p><p>　　This law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit is the

61、 construction craft simple, compatible, after the bricking-up reinforcement, the supporting capacity has enhances greatly, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in the column, the belt wa

62、ll wall reinforcement; Its shortcoming is the scene construction wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has c</p><p>　　Outsi

63、de reinforced concrete mortar superimposed layer reinforcement law </p><p>　　This law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit and outside the reinforced concrete the superim

64、posed layer reinforcement law is close, but enhances the supporting capacity to be inferior to the former; Is suitable in the bricking-up wall reinforcement, sometimes also uses in outside the reinforced concrete when th

65、e superimposed layer reinforcement belt engaged column wall the both sides put on the wall stirrup the seal.</p><p>　　The addition holds the engaged column reinforcement law </p><p>　　This law

66、belongs enlarges the section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit the superimposed layer reinforcement law is also close with the reinforced concrete outside, but the supporting capacity enhances limitedly, and diffi

67、cult to satisfy the earthquake resistance request, generally only in peneseismic country application. </p><p>　　Suitable for the bricking-up structure indirect reinforcement method </p><p>　　1）

68、Non-caking outsourcing section reinforcement law</p><p>　　This law belongs to the traditional reinforcement method, its merit is the construction is simple, the scene work load and the wet work are few, the

69、stress is more reliable; Is suitable in does not allow to increase the original component section size, actually requests to enhance the section supporting capacity large scale the bricking-up column's reinforcement;

70、 Its shortcoming is high for the reinforcement expense, and must use the similar steel structure the protective measure. </p><p>　　2) Pre-stressed stay rod reinforcement law </p><p>　　This law

71、 can the great scope sharpen the bricking-up column's bearing capacity, and the reinforcement effect is reliable; Is suitable processes the high stress, the high strained condition bricking-up structure reinforcement

72、 in the reinforcement; Its shortcoming cannot use in the temperature in the 600C above environment. </p><p>　　2.3 Bricking-up structure constructivity reinforcement and patching</p><p>　　1) Add

73、ition grid reinforcement </p><p>　　When the grid establishment does not meet the present design code requirement, either the vertical cross wall interface point nips rubs has the obvious flaw, when either t

74、he house integrity is bad, should additionally build the grid to carry on the reinforcement </p><p>　　2)Additionally builds the Liang pad reinforcement </p><p>　　When under the summer beam the

75、 brick setting the wall presents by under the partial squash or the summer beam the partial vertical split, should additionally build Liang the pad to carry on the reinforcement. </p><p>　　3)The bricking-up

76、 opens partially builds </p><p>　　When house partial breakage but after investigating thoroughly its breakage reason when not yet affects load-bearing and the security, may burst the wall partial demolition

77、, and according to enhances the mortar strength first-level to fill in with the full sized brick builds. </p><p>　　4)Bricking-up crack patching </p><p>　　Before carrying on crack patching, sho

78、uld act according to bricking-up component's stressful condition and crack factors and so on characteristic, determined that creates the bricking-up crack the reason, with the aim of carrying on crack patching target

79、-oriented or using the corresponding reinforcement measure. </p><p>　　3 Steel structures </p><p>　　Steel structure reinforcement method: The steel structure reinforcement's main method inc

80、ludes: Reduces the load, the change structure computation graph, to enlarge the original structural unit section and the joint strength, the impediment fracture growth and so on. When has the mature experience, may also

81、use other reinforcement method. </p><p>　　1) Changes the structure computation graph </p><p>　　The change structure computation graph's reinforcement method is refers to uses the change lo

82、ad spread condition, the power transmission way, the node nature and the boundary condition, the addition attachment member and the support, exerts the pre-stressed that measures and so on consideration space joint opera

83、tion to carry on the reinforcement to the structure the method </p><p>　　2)Enlarges the component section the reinforcement </p><p>　　Uses enlarges when the section reinforces the steel lumber

84、, chooses the section form to be advantageous in the reinforcement specification and considered already has the flaw and the damage condition. </p><p>　　3)Connection reinforcement and reinforcing member con

85、nection </p><p>　　The steel structure connection method, namely the welded joint, the rivet, the ordinary bolt and the high strength bold fastening method's choice, should the reason which, the goal, th

86、e stress condition, the structure and the execution conditions needs to reinforce according to the structure, and considers the structure original connection method determination.</p><p>　　The steel structur

87、e reinforcement general uses the welded joint connection, the friction high strength bold fastening suitably, has when the basis may also use the welded joint and the friction high strength bolt's mixed connection. W

88、hen uses the welded joint connects, should use after the evaluation approval welding process and the connection material.</p><p>　　4) Crack repair and reinforcement　</p><p>　　Because the structu

89、re the load affects and the choice of material, the structure, the manufacture, the work repeatedly improper and so on produces has the extension or breaks time crisply the tendentious crack damage, should try to repair.

90、 Before the repair, must analyze has the crack reason and the influence gravity, adopts the improvement structure practical work target-oriented or carries on the reinforcement the measure, to is not suitable uses the re

91、pair reinforcement the component, should </p><p>　　Reference </p><p>　　[1] "Built-in reliability Appraisal And Reinforcement Technology" Caoshuangyin Qiuhongxing arranges </p>

92、<p>　　[2] "Concrete structure Durability" Jin weiliang arranges </p><p>　　[3] "Aged Concretes Cross section Characteristic And Damage Descriptive study" Zhaozhenyang</p><

93、;p>　　[4] "Reinforced concrete Principle And Analysis" Guozhenhai Shixudong writes </p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p><b>　　混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)配筋設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　sheya

94、nboⅠwangchenjiaⅡ</p><p>　?、窕A(chǔ)工程有限公司，黑龍江東宇</p><p>　?、蚝邶埥?，東建筑基礎(chǔ)工程有限公司，煤</p><p>　　摘要：在長(zhǎng)期自然環(huán)境和使用環(huán)境下的功能，其功能是不可避免地逐漸減弱，我們結(jié)構(gòu)工程的職責(zé)不僅僅是要完成建設(shè)項(xiàng)目前期工作，但必須能夠科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)構(gòu)損傷的客觀規(guī)律和程度，并采取有效的方法保證結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性使用結(jié)構(gòu)

95、加固，這將成為一個(gè)重要的工作?？梢灶A(yù)見的是第二十一世紀(jì)，人類建筑的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，砌體結(jié)構(gòu)等為主，現(xiàn)階段我認(rèn)為我們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)加固這方面的研究也應(yīng)該以此為主要突破方向。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)加固砌體結(jié)構(gòu)加固鋼結(jié)構(gòu)加固</p><p><b>　　1混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的加固</b></p><p>　　混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的加固分為直接和間接兩種加

96、固加固，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)可根據(jù)實(shí)際條件和使用要求選擇適宜的方法和必要的技術(shù)。</p><p>　　1.1直接加固的一般方法</p><p><b>　　1）加大截面加固法</b></p><p>　　加混凝土現(xiàn)澆在鋼筋混凝土受彎構(gòu)件受壓區(qū)，可增加截面有效高度，擴(kuò)大橫截面積，從而提高構(gòu)件正截面抗彎，斜截面anti-cuts能力和截面剛度，起加固作用。<

97、;/p><p>　　在適當(dāng)?shù)募∪夥秶兓€，混凝土構(gòu)件正截面承載力增加隨著鋼筋面積和強(qiáng)度的提高。在原構(gòu)件正截面配筋率不太高的情況下，增加了主筋面積可以提出高原構(gòu)件正截面抗彎承載力有效。拉是在部分地區(qū)增加現(xiàn)澆混凝土夾克加大構(gòu)件截面，通過新加拿大部分原來的組成部分共同工作，但增強(qiáng)構(gòu)件承載力的有效改善性能，正常運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　加大截面加固法的施工工藝簡(jiǎn)單，兼容，并有成熟的設(shè)計(jì)和施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)

98、；適用于梁，板，柱，墻和普通結(jié)構(gòu)混凝土加固；但現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工的濕作業(yè)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，對(duì)生產(chǎn)有一定影響的生活，和加固后的建筑間隙有一定的減少。</p><p>　　2）置換混凝土加固法</p><p>　　本法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)放大方法部分被關(guān)閉，并加固后，不影響建筑物的間隙，但同樣存在建設(shè)工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的缺點(diǎn)是濕的；適宜偏低或混凝土承運(yùn)人等嚴(yán)重缺損，列在受壓區(qū)混凝土強(qiáng)度加固。</p><p>　

99、　3）粘結(jié)外包截面加固法</p><p>　　在包頭鋼鐵廠加固是包在該部分或鋼板加固構(gòu)件的外，在包頭鋼鐵廠加強(qiáng)鋼筋混凝土梁使用濕式外包法律一般，即采用環(huán)氧樹脂是在牛奶等方法，加強(qiáng)節(jié)蛋糕整體建設(shè)委員會(huì)后，鋼筋組成部分，因?yàn)槔c壓縮鋼截面面積大幅度提高，因此右段承載力和截面剛度大幅度提高。</p><p>　　該法還說，濕的包頭鋼鐵廠加固法，應(yīng)力可靠，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作量小，但大的用鋼量，并利

100、用上述不適當(dāng)?shù)淖饔迷诜潜Ｗo(hù)的情況下高溫的地方；是不允許在使用明顯增加原構(gòu)件截面尺寸，但要求提高其承載能力的大型混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)加固。</p><p><b>　　4）粘鋼加固法</b></p><p>　　在鋼筋混凝土受彎構(gòu)件粘鋼加固（右部分拉構(gòu)件承載力不足的扇形區(qū)域，正截面受壓區(qū)或斜截面）表面粘貼鋼板，這樣可以提高構(gòu)件的承載能力增強(qiáng)，且施工方便。</p>&