消防相關(guān)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附錄一 中文譯文</b></p><p><b>　　消 防</b></p><p>　　隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，人民生活水平不斷提高，城市一天一天變得焦慮，敦促著城市如何面對未來的發(fā)展方向。這種高級的民間建筑所需的維修材料和方式多樣化，用電的負(fù)載天然氣和煤炭消費(fèi)量擴(kuò)大，對火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)提出更高更嚴(yán)格的要求。

2、為了保證人民生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)已成為高水平民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)最重要的設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容。目前經(jīng)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的高層民用建筑師在監(jiān)督共工作基礎(chǔ)上討論，在火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上提出國家有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不清楚標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的細(xì)節(jié)的一些淺顯的意見。</p><p><b>　?。?）設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)</b></p><p>　　火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，是一個(gè)專業(yè)性很強(qiáng)的技術(shù)工作，同時(shí)，還具有很

3、強(qiáng)的政策性。因此，首先應(yīng)該在設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)上明確以下幾點(diǎn)：</p><p>　　第一，必須把握建筑設(shè)計(jì)的防火標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，設(shè)備制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，安裝施工驗(yàn)收規(guī)范和管理的法律法規(guī)等五大方面的消防法律，法規(guī)，并在實(shí)際了解目前有關(guān)國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵字：“必須”，“應(yīng)該”，“適合”，“五一”和反面：“嚴(yán)格禁止”，“不應(yīng)該”，“沒有”，“不適合”的含義。 </p><p>　　第二，必須著眼于

4、高層次的民間建筑的功能，使用和保護(hù)對象的防火等級，認(rèn)真執(zhí)行現(xiàn)行國家有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)定，切實(shí)履行公安消防監(jiān)督部門審批意見。</p><p>　?。?）火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)備建立</p><p><b>　　火災(zāi)探測器的建立</b></p><p>　　敞開的空間或樓梯間應(yīng)單獨(dú)劃分搜索范圍，每2?3建立火災(zāi)探測器。</p><p>

5、;　　第一個(gè)房間（包括對防煙樓梯間前的警衛(wèi)，前室，消防電梯前室，消防電梯煙樓梯間派上用場，對前室的警衛(wèi)）和過道應(yīng)區(qū)分單獨(dú)劃分搜索范圍，特別前室和電梯，分散的樓梯間和想通的過道，煙霧更容易聚集或流動，人員分散，從而節(jié)省防火目標(biāo)，因此應(yīng)安裝火災(zāi)探測器。關(guān)于房間前面的普通電梯雖然不是分散人員，但這個(gè)前室和電梯井是相通的，煙霧容易聚集或流動，適當(dāng)單獨(dú)劃分搜索范圍，并安裝防火探測器。  </p><p>

6、;　　電纜軸因?yàn)楹苋菀仔纬奢敵龌馂?zāi)的通道，發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)火勢不容易沿電纜延伸，為此，“高層民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范”和“民用建筑電氣設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“分別提出的建設(shè)和在電線或電纜塑造了詳細(xì)具體的規(guī)定。但考慮到具體實(shí)施的困難和目前的情況，電纜軸安裝火災(zāi)探測器是非常必要的，考慮坐標(biāo)軸的防火分隔要求，每2?3個(gè)或每個(gè)級別安裝。</p><p>　　電梯機(jī)房應(yīng)安裝火災(zāi)探測器，它的電梯是重要的垂直運(yùn)輸工具，它的兩個(gè)電梯機(jī)房，是具有火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)

7、的，它的三個(gè)電梯井必須有預(yù)留的洞口，如同升降門得開在通風(fēng)口和預(yù)留口之間，持久打開電梯機(jī)房或滑輪等孔，它的四口當(dāng)有火災(zāi)時(shí)，電梯井往往成為火勢蔓延的通道，很容易威脅到電梯機(jī)房設(shè)施。因此，電梯機(jī)房，建立火災(zāi)探測器是必要的，也適合將火災(zāi)探測器建立在電梯井上。</p><p>　　手動火災(zāi)報(bào)警按鈕建立</p><p>　　（包括在防煙樓梯間前在各樓層前室，消防電梯前室，消防電梯對煙樓梯間來派上用場前

8、室與警衛(wèi)看守）發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)人員分散，應(yīng)當(dāng)是設(shè)立手動火警報(bào)警按鈕的首選地點(diǎn)。此外，房間也應(yīng)在前面建立向警方舉報(bào)的普通電梯的手動火警按鈕。在公共活動場所（包括大廳，禮堂，飯廳，多功能廳等）和主要干道等地方，是集中所有工作人員的主要疏散通道。因此應(yīng)該向警方報(bào)案，在這些積極的公共地方的主要通道設(shè)立火災(zāi)按鈕，建立手動火警按鈕，在主干道向警察報(bào)告，以保證向最近的警方報(bào)告，從防火區(qū)的按鈕距離任何位置，不應(yīng)該是大于30米。</p><

9、p>　　消防應(yīng)急廣播喇叭建立</p><p>　　走道，大廳，餐廳和公共場所人員都集中，是主要疏散通道。因此在這些公共場所“最近一個(gè)揚(yáng)聲器的距離應(yīng)不大于25米，從一個(gè)防火區(qū)內(nèi)的任何部位到走廊末端不大于12.5米的距離應(yīng)建立消防應(yīng)急廣播喇叭;下一步還應(yīng)該建立在公共浴室等地方建立緊急消防廣播揚(yáng)聲器。</p><p>　　第一個(gè)房間（包括對防煙樓梯間前的警衛(wèi)，前室，消防電梯前室與警衛(wèi)對煙樓

10、梯間來派上用場前室，消防電梯）是發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)的人員驅(qū)散主要通道，不僅節(jié)省防火的目標(biāo)，還具有防火門和分離混亂的人群和嘈雜的聲音，因此，應(yīng)建立消防應(yīng)急廣播喇叭。在普通電梯的房間前，也應(yīng)該建立消防應(yīng)急廣播喇叭。疏散樓梯在發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)也有人員驅(qū)散作用，不僅起到防火的作用，也減輕人們噪雜的聲音，因此也應(yīng)建立消防應(yīng)急廣播喇叭，有利于消防緊急廣播驅(qū)散指令。  </p><p><b>　　火災(zāi)報(bào)警裝置

11、建立</b></p><p>　　建立消防應(yīng)急廣播火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，筆者認(rèn)為還應(yīng)該安裝火災(zāi)報(bào)警裝置，它的控制程序應(yīng)該是：在確認(rèn)火災(zāi)后，采用手動或自動控制模式統(tǒng)一啟動報(bào)警器對相關(guān)區(qū)域傳輸警告，停止報(bào)警器工作后，在規(guī)定的時(shí)間，迅速聯(lián)動消防應(yīng)急廣播和群眾廣播疏散指令。</p><p>　　火災(zāi)報(bào)警裝置安裝位置，筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)與手動火警報(bào)警按鈕的位置相同，其安裝應(yīng)與地面相距1.8米高度。&

12、lt;/p><p>　　特殊用途的消防電話建立</p><p>　　安裝使用消防專用電話分機(jī)電話，應(yīng)設(shè)機(jī)房，這也涉及一些人值班，經(jīng)常與消防聯(lián)動控制區(qū)域（包括消防水源廠，備用發(fā)電機(jī)房，比賽變電站，主要是通風(fēng)空調(diào)發(fā)動機(jī)室，排煙機(jī)房，消防電梯機(jī)房及其他），消防控制系統(tǒng)操作設(shè)備的地方或控制室，消防值班人員觀察室，安全管理斑等公共空間聯(lián)系。電梯的包廂，消防電梯和普通電梯，所有應(yīng)設(shè)特殊用途的電話，要求電梯

13、機(jī)房和電梯廂，電梯機(jī)房，消防控制室，電梯轎廂和消防控制室和對講通信電話系統(tǒng)等三個(gè)成分是可靠的。通常在消防控制室建立電梯監(jiān)控顯示板（包括位置指示器，方向指示燈，講電話通信，故障指示燈等），以監(jiān)視電梯的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和緊急情況下進(jìn)行必要的控制。</p><p>　　配備手動火警報(bào)告，向警方報(bào)告位置的按鈕等，消火栓按鈕還應(yīng)該安裝消防特殊用途的電話插座。</p><p><b>　?。?）消防

14、聯(lián)動控制</b></p><p>　　消防聯(lián)動控制應(yīng)包括控制消防泵打開，停止，也應(yīng)顯示出打開泵按鈕的位置和消防泵的工作和故障。當(dāng)消火栓設(shè)有消火栓按鈕，其電氣安裝工作現(xiàn)場也應(yīng)表現(xiàn)出消防泵的工作狀態(tài)（即建立消防泵工作指示燈）。</p><p>　　消防聯(lián)動控制應(yīng)包括控制噴灑水和水霧滅火系統(tǒng)的啟停，也應(yīng)顯示出消防泵的工作和故障和流暢的畫面，向警方報(bào)告安全信號閥工作狀態(tài)。此外，水箱水位

15、也應(yīng)進(jìn)行示范顯示器上，為了防止檢修信號閥被關(guān)閉，筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)使用電信號控制信號閥，以證明它打開。</p><p>　　消防聯(lián)動控制其他控件和示范作用，應(yīng)按照現(xiàn)行國家有關(guān)規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的具體規(guī)定。</p><p>　?。?）火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)布線</p><p>　　為了防止發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，消防控制，通信和警戒線遣散是時(shí)使消防工作無法進(jìn)行，造成更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，例如產(chǎn)生電磁干擾（例

16、如變壓器，電機(jī)，電纜和火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的影響等）?；馂?zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的輸電線路和消防控制，通信和警戒線應(yīng)該使用阻燃電纜，應(yīng)使用金屬管或封閉式金屬線槽保護(hù)。電力電纜也應(yīng)使用金屬管或封閉式金屬線槽保護(hù)。</p><p>　　筆者基于項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，闡述了設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)，火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)際問題，并建立系統(tǒng)設(shè)備，消防聯(lián)動控制及其接線翻出一些粗淺的意見，其目的是提高火災(zāi)自動報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量，及早發(fā)現(xiàn)，并通知消防，預(yù)防和減

17、少火災(zāi)危害，保護(hù)人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。</p><p>　　出處：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5e02f0940100j2ob.html</p><p><b>　　辦公自動化</b></p><p>　　隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和軟件技術(shù)，特別是Internet / Intranet網(wǎng)絡(luò)和相關(guān)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，帶來了全球競爭日益

18、加劇，對傳統(tǒng)的辦公和生活方式產(chǎn)生巨大影響，所有的企業(yè)都面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，作為企業(yè)員工應(yīng)對所有相關(guān)信息及時(shí)交流，共同努力，有效的抓住稍縱即逝的機(jī)會，將是在激烈的市場競爭中戰(zhàn)勝這種情況的關(guān)鍵，越來越多的企業(yè)打算在計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的日常管理上改變過去簡單的手工分享企業(yè)內(nèi)部信息的辦公方式，共同努力，科學(xué)管理和決策，提高效率，增強(qiáng)企業(yè)的競爭力。</p><p>　?。?）國內(nèi)和國際的辦公自動化的發(fā)展趨勢</p>

19、<p><b>　　傳統(tǒng)的辦公模式</b></p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的辦公模式主要基于紙張書面處理，多語言處理系統(tǒng)，輕印刷系統(tǒng)文件管理系統(tǒng)。這種模式無法實(shí)現(xiàn)信息共享，交換，轉(zhuǎn)讓，不能在單位，企業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)，如音頻視頻掃描對象，如圖形多媒體信息的超文本信息，有效的非文本。同時(shí)，傳統(tǒng)的電子郵件在辦公室沒有提供良好的工作流程的支持，它很難在不同的情況不同的工作狀態(tài)提供不同的措施，更好地跟

20、蹤處理。部門之間的溝通往往是通過電話和傳真。信息的交換和共享，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作經(jīng)營不能完全實(shí)現(xiàn)，極大地限制了效率。</p><p><b>　　辦公自動化</b></p><p>　　辦公自動化是近幾年計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)發(fā)展的新概念。過去叫做?辦公自動化，英文簡稱OA。辦??公自動化，一般是指日常業(yè)務(wù)的自動化，辦公自動化是包括大規(guī)模信息處理系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。一個(gè)企業(yè)的辦公自動化執(zhí)行情況是其

21、現(xiàn)代化管理程度的標(biāo)志。</p><p><b>　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)辦公模式</b></p><p>　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)辦公是利用Internet / Intranet技術(shù)，基于工作流程的概念，使內(nèi)部員工迅速和輕松地共享信息，高效地協(xié)同工作，不僅包括個(gè)人的辦公效率，更重要的是，使團(tuán)體共同努力。改變復(fù)雜低效的手工辦公方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)更快，全方位的信息采集信息處理，為企業(yè)管理和決策提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。由于

22、網(wǎng)絡(luò)的存在，溝通和協(xié)調(diào)，幾乎是瞬間，而不必?fù)?dān)心彼此間是否有電話，或是傳真機(jī)可用。</p><p><b>　　辦公自動化發(fā)展趨勢</b></p><p>　　三大核心技術(shù)：網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)的成熟，已經(jīng)進(jìn)入世界OA新的層次，新的系統(tǒng)有四個(gè)新特點(diǎn)：</p><p>　　a）整合：整合硬件，軟件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品，人員和系統(tǒng)集成，用一個(gè)單

23、一的公共信息系統(tǒng)集成辦公系統(tǒng)，形成了一個(gè)開放式系統(tǒng)“無縫集成”。</p><p>　　b）智能化：對于常規(guī)治療，有助于情報(bào)工作的完成。例如：</p><p>　　漢字識別理解，深層次文件內(nèi)容處理，決策和事故處理等。</p><p>　　c）多媒體；包括數(shù)字文字，聲音和動畫圖像合成處理。</p><p>　　d）使用電子數(shù)據(jù)交換（EDI）；通過

24、數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，計(jì)算機(jī)和自動化之間的交流。</p><p>　　辦公自動化的發(fā)展趨勢要求企業(yè)使用綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)提供的信息，做出決策的問題，需要建設(shè)或使用數(shù)字模式，為實(shí)施決策過程中的內(nèi)部和外部提供條件，由計(jì)算機(jī)結(jié)合做出相應(yīng)的決策。</p><p>　?。?）目前的經(jīng)營狀況和辦公自動化的問題</p><p>　　辦公自動化系統(tǒng)的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)</p><p&

25、gt;　　近年來，基于Intranet的OA系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建協(xié)調(diào)人與辦公環(huán)境，并實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)部和外部的信息傳遞，工作安排，團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作，工作流自動化應(yīng)用等，極大地改變了傳統(tǒng)的人工工作，提高管理水平和工作效率，節(jié)省辦公空間。據(jù)悉思科網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司，網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施OA辦公自動化系統(tǒng)比沒有自動化系統(tǒng)效率提高50％。在丹佛，銷售，營銷，技術(shù)和管理人員都配備電腦，打印機(jī)，調(diào)制解調(diào)器和其他設(shè)備，IBM分支機(jī)構(gòu)可以在辦公室的任何地方辦公，美國最大的會計(jì)公司安達(dá)信，實(shí)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)OA

26、辦公空間將減少一半。這個(gè)地方可以在任何地方辦公，虛擬辦公室已席卷全國。</p><p>　　中國辦公自動化根據(jù)目前的發(fā)展水平，通過長期的發(fā)展，辦公自動化業(yè)務(wù)大致可分為以下四個(gè)階段：</p><p>　　a）起步慢，仍保持在使用沒有聯(lián)網(wǎng)的計(jì)算機(jī)，使用MS Office系列﹑WPS系列應(yīng)用軟件，以提高個(gè)人辦公效率。</p><p>　　b）已建立了自己的Intranet

27、網(wǎng)絡(luò)，但沒有很好的應(yīng)用支持的協(xié)同工作，仍然是個(gè)人辦公。網(wǎng)絡(luò)閑置，投資公司并沒有產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的效果。</p><p>　　c）建立了自己的Intranet網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部員工通過電子郵件交流信息，共同努力，實(shí)現(xiàn)有限的利用，但沒有產(chǎn)生顯著的效益。</p><p>　　d）建立了自己的Intranet網(wǎng)絡(luò)，使用一般的辦公自動化系統(tǒng)的二次開發(fā);可以更好地支持信息共享和協(xié)作，開放的渠道與外界聯(lián)系，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)布

28、，廣告產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù); Intranet網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營商已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了積極的商業(yè)利益。現(xiàn)在正在開發(fā)或已經(jīng)在使用業(yè)務(wù)定制的綜合辦公自動化系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)管理和決策，提高企業(yè)的競爭力，使企業(yè)不斷發(fā)展壯大。</p><p>　　企業(yè)面對的辦公自動化問題</p><p>　　中國從80年代，特別是進(jìn)入90年代，進(jìn)入辦公自動化的快速發(fā)展。從中國進(jìn)口或編輯的初始問題，處理查詢，檢索單機(jī)應(yīng)用軟件發(fā)展成一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化

29、的辦公系統(tǒng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布，個(gè)人辦公業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)連成一片，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，辦公自動化系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，通過遠(yuǎn)程網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接成一個(gè)更大范圍的辦公自動化系統(tǒng)。建立企業(yè)網(wǎng)（Intranet），外部（外部），辦公自動化的發(fā)展已成為必然趨勢。目前，實(shí)現(xiàn)辦公自動化的進(jìn)程，有以下問題需要注意：</p><p>　　a）效率：大多數(shù)非計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)人士，辦公室的工作人員，他們的特定的計(jì)算機(jī)硬件知識，計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)和知識的缺乏，將導(dǎo)致辦公效率降低

30、，使系統(tǒng)管理員工作量增加，如系統(tǒng)維護(hù)和軟件升級。計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，可以說，升級軟件和硬件將變得更加頻繁，這意味著使用該系統(tǒng)后，成本增高。</p><p>　　b）安全；更好的理解個(gè)人信息的價(jià)值，從而對存儲信息的保密性，有更多的關(guān)注，給被病毒破壞的系統(tǒng)信息以致命一擊。</p><p><b>　　企業(yè)辦公自動化</b></p><p>　　辦

31、公自動化已經(jīng)成為企業(yè)界的共識。許多企業(yè)認(rèn)識到盡快辦公自動化，處于領(lǐng)先地位將有助于保持企業(yè)競爭力，使企業(yè)發(fā)展良性循環(huán)。</p><p>　　辦公自動化的實(shí)施應(yīng)該考慮企業(yè)的實(shí)際情況，主要是企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力。根據(jù)上述分析，四類辦公自動化應(yīng)區(qū)別對待：</p><p>　　a）一流的辦公自動化企業(yè)需要更多的投入，這是要建立企業(yè)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)，但隨著辦公自動化系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，需要有較強(qiáng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力來完成。</

32、p><p>　　b）第二﹑第三類企業(yè)，作為企業(yè)的Intranet網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)存在，但沒有或沒有好的辦公應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)，所以只需要使用紫金網(wǎng)絡(luò)開發(fā)通用辦公自動化系統(tǒng)，長生較高的投資回報(bào)。甚至一步到位開發(fā)綜合辦公自動化系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，使其在投資中產(chǎn)生較少的投資和較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益比。 </p><p>　　對于第四類業(yè)務(wù)，因?yàn)樗皇腔A(chǔ)的辦公自動化，只需較小的投資，就可以達(dá)到目前辦公自動化的較高水平。&l

33、t;/p><p>　　出處：http://www.cnblogs.com/local/archive/2010/06/06/1752820.html</p><p>　　附錄二 外文資料原文</p><p>　　Fire Fighting</p><p>　　Along with the our country economic developm

34、ent rapid development, the lives of the people level unceasing enhancement, the city uses to be day by day anxious, urges the building to face the direction is developing. This kind of high level civil construction repa

35、ir needed materials and the way also more hasten the diversification, and along with uses electricity the load and coal gas consumption quantity enlarging, proposed to the fire auto-alarm system design is higher, a stric

36、ter request. In </p><p>　　First, design basis</p><p>　　The fire auto-alarm system design is a specialized very strong technology work, at the same time also has the very strong policy-type. Ther

37、efore, first should be clear about the following design basis:</p><p>　　1st, must grasp the architectural design fire protection standard, the system design standard, the equipment manufacture standard, the

38、installment construction approval standard and the administration laws and regulations and so on five big aspects fire laws and regulations, and in practical understanding present country related standard and standard po

39、sitive word: "Must", "be supposed", "to be suitable", "may" and the reverse side word: "Strictly prohibits", "should not", "not have", "not to be

40、</p><p>　　2nd, must aim at high level civil building function, use and the protection object fire protection rank, earnestly carries out the present national related standard and the standard, earnestly trea

41、ts the public security fire prevention surveillance department the examination and approval opinion.</p><p>　　Second, fire auto-alarm system equipment establishment</p><p>　　Fire detector establ

42、ishment</p><p>　　Opens wide either the seal or the stair hall should alone divide the search coverage, and each 2 ~ 3 establish a fire detector.</p><p>　　The first room (including guards against

43、 in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against the front room which smoke stair hall comes in handy) and the aisle should distinguish alone to divide the search cove

44、rage, specially front the room and the lift well, the scattered stair hall and the aisle are interlinked, has time the fire haze to be easier to gather or to flow, is the personnel disperses which saves goal with the f

45、ire prevention, ther</p><p>　　The electric cable shaft therefore is easy to form pulls out the smoke inflammation the channel; Has when the fire the fire intensity not easily extends along the electric cable

46、 burns, for this, "the high level civil construction design fire protection standard" and "the civil construction electricity design standard" separately proposes the detailed specific stipulation in

47、the construction and in the electric wire or on the electric cable shaping. But considered implements specifically the diff</p><p>　　The elevator machine room should install the fire detector, its elevator i

48、s the important vertical transportation vehicle; Its two elevator machine room has has the fire risk; Its three lift well existence essential opens the hole, like the level gate opens between the hole, the air vent, the

49、between permanence opens the hole with the elevator machine room or the pulley and so on; Its four when has the fire, the lift well often becomes the fire intensity spread the channel, is easy to threaten t</p>&l

50、t;p>　　2nd, the manual fire reports to the police the button establishment</p><p>　　(Including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in view of various floors front room in front of room, fire elevat

51、or room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, should report to the police the bu

52、tton first choice spot as the establishment manual fire. In addition, the room also should establish the manual fire to the common elevator in front of to repo</p><p>　　In the public active place (including

53、hall, hall, dining room, multi-purpose hall and so on) and the main thoroughfare and so on place, the personnel very is all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should report to the police the button

54、in these public active places main access establishment manual fires; The manual fire establishes which in the main thoroughfare reports to the police the button to guarantee "to a manual fire which most is close to

55、 reports to the police the </p><p>　　3rd, the fire emergency broadcasts the speaker the establishment</p><p>　　The aisle, the hall, the dining room and so on the public place personnel very are

56、all centralized, and mainly disperses the channel. Therefore should press in these public places "to a recent speaker distance is not bigger than 25 meters from a fire protection district any spot" and "in

57、 the aisle last should not be bigger than 12.5 meters the speaker to the aisle terminal distance" the establishment fire emergency to broadcast the speaker; Next also should establish the fire in the public bathr<

58、;/p><p>　　The first room (including guards against in front of smoke stair hall in front of room, fire elevator room, fire elevator with guards against which smoke stair hall to come in handy the front room) is

59、 has when the fire the personnel to disperse which saves goal with fire prevention, also has the fire door separation and the sounds of people is confused and noisy, therefore should establish the fire emergency to broa

60、dcast the speaker. In front of the common elevator the room also should establis</p><p>　　4th, fire alarm installment establishment</p><p>　　The establishment fire emergency broadcast fire auto-

61、alarm system, the author thought also should install the fire alarm installment, but its control procedure should be: The alarm apparatus should confirm after the fire, uses manual or the automatic control mode unificati

62、on to the fire correlation region transmission warning, stops the alarm apparatus work in the stipulation time, the rapid linkage fire emergency broadcast and broadcasts to the people disperses the instruction.</p>

63、<p>　　The fire alarm installment establishment position, the author thought should report to the police the button position with the manual fire to be same, its wall surface installment should for be apart from th

64、e ground 1.8 meters highly</p><p>　　5th, fire special use telephone establishment</p><p>　　Installs the fire special use telephone extension telephone, should be located the engine room which re

65、lated also some people is on duty frequently with the fire linkage control (including fire water plant, spare electricity generation engine room, matches substation, mainly ventilates with air conditioning engine room, d

66、ischarges fume engine room, fire prevention elevator machine room and other), the fire fighting control system operates the equipment place or the control room, the fire duty of</p><p>　　Third, fire linkage

67、control</p><p>　　1st, the fire linkage control should include the control fire pump to open, to stop, also should demonstrate opens pumps the button the position and the fire pump work and the malfunction. W

68、hen the fire hydrant is equipped with the fire hydrant button, its electric installation work spot also should demonstrate the fire pump the working mode active status (namely establishment fire pump work indicating lamp

69、).</p><p>　　2nd, the fire linkage control should include the control spraying of water and the water atomization fire fighting system opens, stops, also should demonstrate the fire pump the work and the malf

70、unction and the fluent display, reports to the police the valve, the safety signal valve working mode active status. In addition, to the basin, the water tank water level also should carry on the demonstration monitor; I

71、n order to prevent the overhaul signal valve is shut down, the author thought should </p><p>　　3rd, the fire linkage control other controls and the demonstration function, should carry out the present nation

72、al related standard and the standard specific stipulation.</p><p>　　Fourth, fire auto-alarm system wiring</p><p>　　In order to prevent the fire occurs when the fire control, the correspondence a

73、nd the warning line severance, causes the fire fighting work to be unable to carry on, creates the bigger economic loss; Also for the suppression electronmagetic interference (for example transformer, electric motor, ele

74、ctric cable and so on) the influence which produces to the fire auto-alarm system. The fire auto-alarm system transmission line and the fire control, the correspondence and the warning line should use </p><p&g

75、t;　　The author rests on the concrete project to implement the experience, elaborated the design basis, fire auto-alarm design actual problem and so on system equipment establishment, fire linkage control and its wiring p

76、ulls out some shallow opinions, its goal is enhances the fire auto-alarm system the design quality, discovered early and the notification fire, prevented and reduces the fire to harm, by protects the person and the prope

77、rty safety.</p><p>　　Office Automation</p><p>　　With the network technology and software technology, especially internet / intranet and related emergence of the rapid development of technology h

78、as brought global competition growing, the traditional office and way of life had a huge impact all businesses are facing serious challenges, the enterprise employees as a team for the timely exchange of all relevant inf

79、ormation to efficiently work together to grasp fleeting opportunities, will be in the fierce market competition to win key Faced with </p><p>　　A.  Domestic and international trends in the development o

80、f office automation</p><p>　　1. The traditional office model</p><p>　　The traditional office model based mainly on paper at a paper processing, multi-language processing system that light printi

81、ng system document management system. This model can not achieve information sharing, exchange, transfer; can not be achieved within the unit, enterprise coordination; difficult for non-text such as audio video scan obje

82、cts such as graphics multimedia information hypertext information effectively. Meanwhile, the traditional e-mail during office did not provide good support </p><p>　　2. Office Automation </p><

83、;p>　　Office automation is the development of computer science in recent years with the proposed new concept. English formerly known as office automation office automation, abbreviated as OA, office automation systems

84、to achieve the office generally refers to the automation of routine business, and office automation include the network of large-scale information processing systems. Implementation of an enterprise is also a measure of

85、the degree of office automation to modernize management of its mark.</p><p>　　3. Network Office Mode</p><p>　　Network Office is the use of internet / intranet technology, based on the concept of

86、 workflow, so that internal staff to quickly and easily share information, work together efficiently; not only cover personal office efficiency, more importantly, enables groups to work together. Change the inefficient m

87、anual office complex way, to achieve faster, full range of information collection information processing, enterprise management and scientific basis for decision-making. As the network exists, com</p><p>　　4

88、. The development trend of office automation</p><p>　　With the three core pillars of technology: network communication technology, computer technology and database technology matures, the world's OA has

89、entered a new level of hierarchy in the new system has four new features:</p><p>　　(1) integration. The integration of hardware, software and network products, people and systems integration, office systems

90、with a single public information system integration, formed a "seamless integration" of open systems. </p><p>　　(2) intelligent. For routine treatment, helps in the completion of intelligence

91、work. Such as: </p><p>　　Chinese character recognition, on understanding and deep document content processing, help policy-making and handling of accidents and so on.</p><p>　　(3) multimedi

92、a. Including digital text, sound and animation image synthesis processing.</p><p>　　(4) the use of electronic data interchange (EDI). Through data communications network, the exchange between the computer an

93、d automation.</p><p>　　The trend of office automation require businesses to use the integrated database system provides information for decision-making issues required to construct or use decision-making dig

94、ital mode, combined with the internal and external conditions for the implementation of decision-making process by the computer to make the corresponding decision-making.</p><p>　　B.   The current

95、business situation and problems of office automation</p><p>　　1. The current status of Office Automation</p><p>　　In recent years, with Intranet-based OA system constructed harmony between man a

96、nd the office environment and realize the internal and external information delivery, work schedules, team collaboration, workflow automation applications, etc., greatly changed the traditional office-based artificial wo

97、rk to improve the management level and efficiency, saving office space. According to Cisco networking company, to network infrastructure OA OA system than no system to improve the network efficiency o</p><p>

98、;　　China's office automation has gone through a long stage of development, office automation business under the current level of development can be divided into the following four categories:</p><p>　　(1

99、) slow start, still remain in use without networked computers, use, ms office series﹑wps Series application software to improve the efficiency of individual office.</p><p>　　(2) has established its own intra

100、net network, but not good applications supported cooperative work, still the personal office. Network is idle, the investment company did not produce the desired result.</p><p>　　(3) has established its own

101、intranet network and internal staff via e-mail exchange information, work together to achieve a limited, but produced no significant benefits.</p><p>　　(4) has established its own intranet network: use of se

102、condary development of the General Office Automation System; can better support information sharing and collaboration, contact with the outside world open channels; through internet publishing, advertising products busin

103、ess technical services; intranet network operators have already had a positive business benefits. Now working on the development or already in use for business custom integrated office automation system to realize the sc