65“一帶一路”倡議的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 中英文雙語(yǔ)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯成品（最新）

1、<p>　　外文標(biāo)題：The Current Situation of the One Belt and One Road Initiative and Its Development Trend</p><p>　　外文作者：Jiadong Zhang</p><p>　　文獻(xiàn)出處: Annual Report on the Development of the Indian

2、Ocean Region ，2018，103-138</p><p>　　英文5100單詞， 26890字符，中文7203漢字。</p><p>　　此文檔是最新的外文翻譯成品，無(wú)需調(diào)整復(fù)雜的格式哦！下載之后直接可用，方便快捷！價(jià)格不貴。</p><p>　　原文：The Current Situation of the One Belt and One Road

3、Initiative and Its Development Trend</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Since its being initially put forward in 2013, the One Belt and One Road strategic initiative has gone through

4、3 phases, namely: put forwarding of concepts, development of framework, and establishment of cooperation partners. The One Belt and One Road initiative displays the following three main characteristics: quick development

5、 of the initiative, quick acceptance of it by the international community, and quick pushing forward of relevant projects. Quick pushing forward of the initiative is a r</p><p>　　Keywords ：The one belt and o

6、ne road initiative, View on development and security, New type of globalization, Openness, Flexibility</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　The One Belt and One Road initiative is the ?rst internatio

7、nal strategic initiative that China put forward, and it covers 64 countries across three continents, namely, Asia, Africa and Europe; and the initiative covers 4.4 billion people, and a com- bined GDP of 2.3 billion doll

8、ars, accounting for 63 and 29% of the world’s total respectively. The total trade volume of the countries along the One Belt and One Road accounts for about 1/4 of the world’s total trade volume, and these countries’ eco

9、n</p><p>　　1The One Belt and One Road Initiative Is Comprehensively Launched</p><p>　　In September and October 2013, during his visit to countries in Central Asia and Southeast Asia, Chinese pr

10、esident Xi Jinping proposed in succession joint building of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. In 2014, the One Belt and One Road initiative was made one of the three major strategies of

11、 China.1 In March 2015, China’s National Development & Reform Commission,Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Commerce, jointly issued the Vision and Proposed Actions</p><p>　　1.1Top Level Design

12、 Has Been Basically Completed</p><p>　　Firstly, the top level design for the One Belt and One Road strategic initiative has been completed, and all supporting mechanisms have been established. On March 28, 2

13、015, China’s National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Vision and Proposed Actions Outlined on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-

14、century Maritime Silk Road (Vision and Proposed Actions), which marked the basic completion of the top level des</p><p>　　Secondly, the leading mechanism for the One Belt and One Road initiative has been est

15、ablished. The leading group for building of the One Belt and One Road, that was of?cially established in February 2015, is comprised of “one director, and four deputy directors”: Vice-premier of the State Council Zhang G

16、aoli serves as the director of the leading group; and the four deputy directors are Wang Hu’ning, director of the Policy Research Center of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (</p><p>　　Th

17、irdly, the six economic corridor plans of the One Belt and One Road initiative have been basically established. The One Belt and One Road initiative clearly states that, 6 main economic corridors, namely, China-Mongolia-

18、Russia economic cor- ridor, New Eurasia Land Bridge, China–Central Asia–West Asia Economic Corridor, China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Bangladesh–China–India–Burma Economic Corridor, shall be built. China–Mongolia–Rus

19、sia Economic Corridor consists of two important paths: The</p><p>　　Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was founded in 2016, and it has 57 founding members, and nearly 30 applicant countries and regio

20、ns. AIIB has began operation, and the ?rst project it invested was launched in May 2016 (Pakistan). Throughout 2016, AIIB made investment in 9 projects, with a total investment of 1.72 billion dollars. Among the invested

21、 projects, 2 projects (including building of the M4 highway) are in Pakistan, with a total investment of 400 million dollars. The cooperation</p><p>　　A Large Scale Cooperation Partnership Has Been Establish

22、ed</p><p>　　By the end of 2015, China has signed free trade agreements with 11 countries along the One Belt and One Road, signed bilateral investment agreements with 56 countries along the One Belt and One R

23、oad, and has built 53 economic and trade cooperation areas (overseas economic and trade cooperation areas include pro- cessing zones, industrial parks, science and technology industry parks, etc.). As of the beginning of

24、 2017, the One Belt and One Road initiative has gotten active participation and suppo</p><p>　　The Priority Projects Have Been Started</p><p>　　Projects in the ?eld of transportation, energy and

25、 agriculture are the key projects that the One Belt and One Road initiative plans to develop. Some of these projects are progressing rapidly, while some have encountered challenges and setbacks, but the priority projects

26、 are being pushed forward smoothly.</p><p>　　Firstly, the transportation projects are being pushed forward smoothly. Southeast Asia is a key area in implementation of the One Belt and One Road initiative. Th

27、e railway project linking Jakarta (Indonesia’s capital) and Bandung, and the railway projects that connect China and Laos, China and Thailand, Hungary and Serbia, and the subway orange line in Lahore of Pakistan, have be

28、en started. On November 3, 2016, Gwadar Port formally entered into operation, and trucks from Xinjiang unloaded cargos</p><p>　　Central Asia is an important starting point of the Land Silk Road Economic Belt

29、. At the end of February 2016, the Kamchiq Tunnel for the Angren-Pop railway in Uzbekistan was completed. This tunnel is as long as 20 km, which makes it the longest tunnel in Central Asia. It will promote connectivity b

30、etween China and Central Asia. China and Russia have reached a further agreement on the 770 km long Moscow–Kazan express railway project, into which China is going to directly invest 6.2 billion dollar</p><p&g

31、t;　　South Asia is the main development area of the One Belt and One Road initiative. China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is being pushed forward smoothly. On November 13, 2016, the Gwadar Port was formally put into operatio

32、n. The “Wellington” named cargo vessel of COSCO started from the newly built Gwadar Port, and transmit the goods from Kashgar of Xinjiang to the Middle East and Africa. In Europe, the connectivity project also has achiev

33、ed much progress. Cosco Group’s investment plan in the Piraeus p</p><p>　　In Africa, the Addis Ababa–Djibouti railway, which was built with Chinese equipment and according to Chinese standards, entered into

34、operation on October 5, 2016.</p><p>　　Main Characteristics and Trend of Development of the One Belt and One Road Initiative</p><p>　　2.1Local Enterprises Begin to Hold Dominant Positions</p

35、><p>　　Local enterprises hold a dominant position in making investment overseas, and the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River economic belt are active in making investment overseas. Throughout the year

36、of 2016, local enterprises made a total of</p><p>　　148.72 billion dollars of direct investment overseas, and the percentage that the amount accounts for in China’s total direct investment overseas increases

37、 to 87.4% from 66.7% in 2015. In the investment, enterprises from the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt made a total of 60.46 billion dollars of direct investment overseas, accounting for about 3

38、5.5% of China’s total direct investment overseas. The direct investments abroad from Shanghai municipality, Zhejiang province</p><p>　　Private Enterprises are Gradually Gaining an Upper Hand</p><p

39、>　　While in 2006, state-owned enterprises account for 81% in China’s total investment overseas, then from 2006 to 2015, the percentage that state-owned enterprises account for in China’s investments overseas is gradua

40、lly decreasing, and non-state-owned enterprises are gradually becoming an important force in China’s “going global” strategy, overtaking state-owned enterprises (for details, see the following table). The preferred means

41、 for private enterprises to participate in building of the One Bel</p><p>　　China’s direct overseas investment</p><p>　　Source Statistical Bulletin of China’s Direct Investment Overseas in 2015,

42、 Minsheng Securities Research Institute</p><p>　　Political Drive Doesn’t Match Economic Drive</p><p>　　Most of the countries which have a strong political drive to conduct political cooperation

43、in the framework of the One Belt and One Road initiative, don’t have a strong economic drive; while, those countries along the One Belt and One Road which have a low political drive to conduct cooperation usually have hi

44、gh eco- nomic strength. India is the country that holds the most suspicious and negative attitude toward China’s One Belt and One Road Initiative, but this doesn’t affect the enthusiasm of </p><p>　　In 2016,

45、 China’s investment in India reaches as much as 1.063 billion dollars, which is nearly 6 times of the investment in 2015. By the end of 2016, China’s direct investment in India has reached an accumulative total of 4.8 bi

46、llion dollars. While, before 2014, the existing investment in India from China is just 2.4 billion dollars. In June 2016, Zhong Wei Xiao (Chengdu) Investment Management Co., Ltd began to build an industrial park in a pla

47、ce 20 km to the east of Ahmedabad in Gujarat of Indi</p><p>　　3 The One Belt and One Road Initiative Faces Complex Challenges</p><p>　　One Belt and One Road related projects also face great risk

48、s in such aspects as politics, security and ?nance.</p><p>　　Political Risk is a Main Risk that the One Belt and One Road Initiative Faces</p><p>　　The One Belt and One Road initiative is a stra

49、tegic initiative, and its launch and implementation all depend on the intentions of all concerned parties, and it is highly sensitive to international and domestic political situation. According to the data from China’s

50、?rst blue book about internationalization of enterprises-Chinese Enterprises Internationalization Report (2014), among the 120 failure cases of “investing overseas” that occurred between 2005 and 2014, 25% are due to pol

51、itical reasons</p><p>　　On January 27, 2015, Greece’s new government was sworn in. After winning the election and forming the cabinet, Greece’s aggressive left wing coalition honors its promise to stop selli

52、ng state-owned assets. Executive vice minister Thodoris Dritsas, who is in charge of maritime affairs, declared that, Greece will not sell a majority stake in the Peiraieus port, and that the new government will reconsid

53、er the privatization plan of the port based on the Greece people’s interest. Since Greece’s diffe</p><p>　　The express railway project in Mexico was also a lesson for China. The Chinese company had reached a

54、n agreement with the relevant party in Mexico, and had invested a signi?cant amount of money, but later, the project was unilaterally “shelved” inde?nitely by the Mexican government due to that the opposition party quest

55、ions the tendering process’s transparency, in this way, the project became a victim of Mexico’s internal political ?ght.</p><p>　　Security Risk is a Major Factor That Affects</p><p>　　the Enthus

56、iasm for Implementation of the Initiative</p><p>　　Security risks along the One Belt and One Road, especially non-traditional security risks, are rising. In Southeast Asia, terrorist and pirate activities ar

57、e rising; in South Asia, especially Pakistan and Afghanistan, terrorist threats are always maintaining at a high level; Middle East and North Africa continue to be in a turbulent political situation, and such non-traditi

58、onal security threats as terrorism are still the main threats. Even in European countries, including western European countr</p><p>　　During the period between 1994 and 2004, in the regions where pirate acti

59、vities are the most rampant in the east of the Indian Ocean, namely, the Strait of Malacca and the Indonesia sea area, a total of 1050 pirate attacking incidents happened, among which, 75 happened in the Somalia sea; aft

60、er 2005, the number of pirate activities that occur in the Somalia sea area and the Gulf of Aden sea area in the west of the Indian Ocean increased rapidly. 416 pirate incidents occurred from 2005 to 2009, a</p>&

61、lt;p>　　Security risks also include national security risks. The bilateral or multilateral investment agreements with many countries include clauses about national security, which poses a major potential risk to China’

62、s investment overseas.</p><p>　　4The One Belt and One Road Initiative is Entering a New Stage</p><p>　　In the future, the One Belt and One Road initiative will display the following development

63、trend:</p><p>　　4.1To Enter in the Stage of Multilateral Interaction From Unilateral Pushing Forward</p><p>　　In the ?rst 3 years, the development drive of the One Belt and One Road initiative m

64、ainly comes from unilateral pushing forward by China, which results in that the initiative is not attractive enough. With joining in or participation of more and more countries and organizations, the One Belt and One Roa

65、d initiative is gradually accepted by the international community, which strengthens its appeal as a coop- eration mechanism. In 2017, China is going to hold the One Belt and One Road Internationa</p><p>　　T

66、ransition From the Stage of Launch of the Initiative to the Stage of Cooperation and Implementation</p><p>　　The One Belt and One Road initiative is a high standard strategic initiative. Success of the initi

67、ative is 10% determined by the initiative itself, 20% determined by its deployment, and 70% determined by its implementation. In the future, China will unite together the three participating parties of government, enterp

68、rises and indi- viduals all in one, and forms a three dimensional landscape of “going global”. In the cooperation and implementation stage, two changes will occur to the main pushing</p><p>　　Expand from Coo

69、peration in the Field of Economy to Cooperation in the Field of Culture and Education</p><p>　　Physical connectivity is the cornerstone of the One Belt and One Road initiative, and to expand economic an

70、d trade relation is only the initial stage of implemen- tation of the initiative, while the initiative’s ultimate objective is to shorten the information and psychological distance between the people of the countries and

71、 regions along the One Belt and One Road, so as to create new identi?cation and consensus on security. Therefore, the One Belt and One Road initiative will expand from coope</p><p>　　Advices on Implementatio

72、n of the One Belt and One Road Initiative</p><p>　　The One Belt and One Road initiative is a comprehensive, long term and overall initiative, and it raises new requirements for China in such aspects as polic

73、y coordination, cross-department cooperation and new model of interaction between the central government and local governments, and it poses new challenges to China’s old model of foreign dealing. In order to adjust to t

74、he new internal and external environment, China needs to focus on making adjustments in the following areas:China’s internat</p><p>　　譯文：“一帶一路”倡議的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p><b>　　摘要：</b></p>

75、;<p>　　“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略舉措自2013年初步提出以來(lái)，經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段，即：概念提出階段，框架發(fā)展，合作伙伴的建立。 “一帶一路”倡議體現(xiàn)了以下三個(gè)主要特征：此倡議的快速發(fā)展，國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)此的快速接受，以及相關(guān)項(xiàng)目的快速推進(jìn)?？焖偻七M(jìn)這一舉措，是中國(guó)各級(jí)政府共同推動(dòng)這一舉措的結(jié)果，也是當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)發(fā)展的結(jié)果。世界各地正在出現(xiàn)以下趨勢(shì)：美國(guó)和歐洲國(guó)家的反向全球化趨勢(shì)越來(lái)越明顯;國(guó)際貿(mào)易自由化進(jìn)程面臨越來(lái)越大的挑戰(zhàn);經(jīng)濟(jì)民族

76、主義情緒正在上升，中小國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益往往受到損害，這些國(guó)家的發(fā)展動(dòng)力被削弱。在這樣的背景下，“一帶一路”倡議所代表的新型全球化和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化行動(dòng)，不僅構(gòu)成了中國(guó)減輕經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展內(nèi)外壓力的手段，也代表了中國(guó)的一致意見(jiàn)。國(guó)際發(fā)展，安全和秩序;此外，它也是國(guó)際社會(huì)，特別是“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家的自愿選擇，以應(yīng)對(duì)全球化的逆向趨勢(shì)，保護(hù)自身的發(fā)展利益。今年5月，中國(guó)將舉行“一帶一路”國(guó)家峰會(huì)。到那時(shí)，“一帶一路”倡議已經(jīng)完成了啟動(dòng)階段。好的開(kāi)始已經(jīng)完

77、成了一半，但是下面的具體實(shí)施階段將更加困難，而且更為關(guān)鍵。中國(guó)需要精簡(jiǎn)內(nèi)外關(guān)系，創(chuàng)新一些經(jīng)濟(jì)，金融和行政機(jī)制，保持“一帶一路”倡議的開(kāi)放性和靈活性，</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞 ：一帶一路倡議，關(guān)于發(fā)展和安全的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，新型全球化，開(kāi)放性，靈活性</p><p><b>　　引言：</b></p><p>　　“一帶一路”倡議是中國(guó)提出的第一個(gè)國(guó)際

78、戰(zhàn)略舉措，涵蓋亞洲，非洲和歐洲三大洲的64個(gè)國(guó)家;該倡議涉及44億人口，綜合國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值23億美元，分別占世界總量的63％和29％。 “一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家的貿(mào)易總量約占世界貿(mào)易總量的1/4，這些國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相對(duì)較快，具有巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿Α８鶕?jù)麥肯錫公司的估計(jì)，到2050年，“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)地區(qū)將占全球GDP增量的80％左右，并將成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主要推動(dòng)力。 “一帶一路”倡議代表了中國(guó)對(duì)秩序和安全的看法，旨在通過(guò)縮短地理距離，信息距離和

79、文化距離，促進(jìn)“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)之間的互聯(lián)互通。促進(jìn)全球化進(jìn)程和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程，為實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)和平與穩(wěn)定提供經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會(huì)和文化支持。 “一帶一路”的主要特點(diǎn)是開(kāi)放性，靈活性和長(zhǎng)期性：“一帶一路”倡議是公開(kāi)的，不拒絕任何實(shí)體的參與，也不是為了挑戰(zhàn)或改變當(dāng)前的秩序，但要補(bǔ)充和完善現(xiàn)有的制度; “一帶一路”倡議是一項(xiàng)靈活的舉措，它不要求雙邊或多邊條約作為合作的先決條件; “一帶一路”倡議是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期舉措，并沒(méi)有設(shè)定任何時(shí)間表，而是旨

80、在實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期利益。</p><p>　　1全面啟動(dòng)“一帶一路”倡議</p><p>　　2013年9月和10月，在訪(fǎng)問(wèn)中亞和東南亞國(guó)家期間，中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平陸續(xù)提出聯(lián)合建設(shè)“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”和“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”。 2014年，“一帶一路”倡議成為中國(guó)三大戰(zhàn)略之一.1 2015年3月，中國(guó)國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)，外交部和商務(wù)部聯(lián)合發(fā)布了“愿景”和“行動(dòng)綱要”概述論絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶與21世紀(jì)

81、海上絲綢之路的共建。在短短的三年時(shí)間里，“一帶一路”倡議已經(jīng)完成了提出概念，關(guān)于倡議的論證，頂層設(shè)計(jì)和合作框架的建立的四個(gè)階段。目前，中國(guó)已完成該項(xiàng)目的頂級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)，合作伙伴已達(dá)到較大規(guī)模，優(yōu)先項(xiàng)目已啟動(dòng)。</p><p>　　1.1頂層設(shè)計(jì)已基本完成</p><p>　　首先，“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略舉措的頂層設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)完成，所有支持機(jī)制已經(jīng)建立。 2015年3月28日，中國(guó)國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)，外交

82、部和商務(wù)部聯(lián)合發(fā)布了關(guān)于共同建設(shè)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路的愿景和擬議行動(dòng)（愿景和擬議行動(dòng)） ，這標(biāo)志著該倡議的頂級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)的基本完成。愿景和擬議行動(dòng)列出了五個(gè)領(lǐng)域，即政策溝通，設(shè)施連通性，暢通貿(mào)易，金融一體化和人民債券，是“一帶一路”建設(shè)的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。其中，設(shè)施連通性是建設(shè)“一帶一路”的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域，包括政治，投資，貿(mào)易，金融和文化等領(lǐng)域的廣泛合作。 “一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略舉措與國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系逐步完善。 2016年3月，“中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社

83、會(huì)發(fā)展第十三個(gè)五年計(jì)劃指南”（草案）將“一帶一路”倡議納入“十三五”規(guī)劃的主要目標(biāo)，任務(wù)和措施。 “十三五”期間的主要目標(biāo)，任務(wù)和措施主要包括6個(gè)方面。 “一帶一路”倡議作為“深化改革開(kāi)放，建立新的發(fā)展體系”計(jì)劃的重要組成部分，將在生產(chǎn)能力，貿(mào)易升級(jí)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)等國(guó)際合作上下功夫。高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，基本建立新的體制和新的結(jié)構(gòu)。為了提供“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略舉措的支持機(jī)制，中國(guó)有關(guān)部委制定并實(shí)施了推進(jìn)這一舉措的計(jì)劃。中國(guó)教育部，國(guó)務(wù)院，工業(yè)和&

84、lt;/p><p>　　其次，建立了“一帶一路”倡議的主導(dǎo)機(jī)制。 2015年2月成立的“一帶一路”建設(shè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組由“一名主任，四名副主任”組成：國(guó)務(wù)院副總理張高麗擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班長(zhǎng)組;四位副主任是中共中央政策研究中心主任王虎寧，國(guó)務(wù)院副總理王洋，國(guó)務(wù)院副總理?xiàng)铎o，楊國(guó)務(wù)院成員。國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)主任徐紹史同時(shí)擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組組長(zhǎng)。 “一帶一路”倡議的工作層面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)制更加順暢。國(guó)家發(fā)展和改革委員會(huì)，以及其他13個(gè)部委和實(shí)體，即外

85、交部，環(huán)境保護(hù)部，交通運(yùn)輸部，水利部，農(nóng)業(yè)部，中國(guó)人民銀行，國(guó)有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)，國(guó)家林業(yè)局，中國(guó)銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)，國(guó)家能源局，國(guó)家外匯管理局，中華全國(guó)工商業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)和中國(guó)鐵路總公司共同建立PPP工作機(jī)制。 “一帶一路”倡議，加強(qiáng)與“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域的合作，積極推進(jìn)PPP模式，鼓勵(lì)和幫助中國(guó)企業(yè)走出去，促進(jìn)相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目的快速落戶(hù)。</p><p>　　第三，“一帶一路”倡議的六條經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊計(jì)劃

86、已基本建立。 “一帶一路”倡議明確指出，6條主要經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊，即中國(guó) - 蒙古 - 俄羅斯經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊，新歐亞大陸橋，中國(guó) - 中亞 - 西亞經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊，中國(guó)巴基斯坦經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊和孟加拉國(guó) - 建設(shè)中印緬甸經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊。中蒙經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊由兩條重要路徑組成：第一條路徑從華北（北京，天津，河北）延伸至內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特，然后從邊境城市二連浩特延伸至蒙古的烏蘭巴托，然后連接與俄羅斯的遠(yuǎn)東鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò);第二條路徑從大連，沉陽(yáng)，長(zhǎng)春，哈爾濱到滿(mǎn)洲，然后沿著舊中東鐵路延伸到俄羅

87、斯的赤塔。</p><p>　　亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行（AIIB）成立于2016年，擁有57個(gè)創(chuàng)始成員，近30個(gè)申請(qǐng)國(guó)家和地區(qū)。亞投行已開(kāi)始運(yùn)營(yíng)，其投資的第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目于2016年5月（巴基斯坦）啟動(dòng)。 2016年，亞投行投資9個(gè)項(xiàng)目，總投資17.2億美元。在投資項(xiàng)目中，巴基斯坦有2個(gè)項(xiàng)目（包括建設(shè)M4高速公路），總投資4億美元。亞太經(jīng)社會(huì)與其他國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)之間的合作關(guān)系開(kāi)始建立。加上亞洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行（ADB）和世界銀行的

88、貸款，巴基斯坦的兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目將獲得11億美元的總投資。亞投行將與其他國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)密切合作。亞投行于2016年9月投資的6個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，除了孟加拉國(guó)的輸電網(wǎng)絡(luò)升級(jí)和擴(kuò)容項(xiàng)目完全由亞投行提供貸款外，其他項(xiàng)目均由世界銀行，亞洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行，歐洲銀行共同提供。重建與發(fā)展（EBRD），以及其他多邊開(kāi)發(fā)銀行和商業(yè)銀行。</p><p>　　1.2A大型合作伙伴關(guān)系已經(jīng)建立</p><p>　　截至2015年底，中

89、國(guó)與“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)11個(gè)國(guó)家簽署了自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定，與“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)56個(gè)國(guó)家簽署了雙邊投資協(xié)議，建立了53個(gè)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作領(lǐng)域（海外經(jīng)濟(jì)）貿(mào)易合作領(lǐng)域包括加工區(qū)，工業(yè)園區(qū)，科技產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)等。截至2017年初，“一帶一路”倡議得到了100多個(gè)國(guó)家和國(guó)際組織的積極參與和支持.3截至2016年9月，中國(guó)已簽署并完成與70多個(gè)國(guó)家的戰(zhàn)略協(xié)調(diào)，區(qū)域和國(guó)際組織，并取得了許多成果，包括聯(lián)合聲明，雙邊協(xié)議/合作協(xié)議，合作/諒解備忘錄備忘錄。此外，中國(guó)與40多

90、個(gè)國(guó)家簽署了政府間共同建設(shè)“一帶一路”的諒解備忘錄，中國(guó)與一帶一帶的40多個(gè)國(guó)家簽署了“一帶一路”的合作協(xié)議。一條道路，與30多個(gè)國(guó)家開(kāi)展了生產(chǎn)能力國(guó)際合作;此外，中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊建設(shè)正在全面推進(jìn)，中蒙經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊計(jì)劃的指導(dǎo)方針已經(jīng)正式簽署，新的歐亞大陸橋經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊建設(shè)正在穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)。 4中國(guó)也在積極推動(dòng)與一些國(guó)家制定雙邊合作計(jì)劃的指導(dǎo)方針.5中國(guó)與俄羅斯，哈薩克斯坦和巴基斯坦的政策協(xié)調(diào)取得了最好的效果。</p><p>　

91、　1.3優(yōu)先項(xiàng)目已啟動(dòng)</p><p>　　交通，能源和農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的項(xiàng)目是“一帶一路”倡議計(jì)劃發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。其中一些項(xiàng)目進(jìn)展迅速，有些項(xiàng)目遇到了挑戰(zhàn)和挫折，但優(yōu)先項(xiàng)目正在順利推進(jìn)。</p><p>　　首先，交通項(xiàng)目正在順利推進(jìn)。東南亞是實(shí)施“一帶一路”倡議的關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域。連接雅加達(dá)（印度尼西亞首都）和萬(wàn)隆的鐵路項(xiàng)目，以及連接中國(guó)和老撾，中國(guó)和泰國(guó)，匈牙利和塞爾維亞的鐵路項(xiàng)目，以及巴基斯坦拉合

92、爾的地鐵橙線(xiàn)已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)。 2016年11月3日，瓜達(dá)爾港正式投入運(yùn)營(yíng)，新疆卡車(chē)首次在港口卸下貨物。通過(guò)這個(gè)港口，中國(guó)通往印度洋的海門(mén)正式開(kāi)放。與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)在斯里蘭卡漢班托塔港口和吉布提以及希臘比雷埃夫斯的項(xiàng)目也在進(jìn)行中。通過(guò)這些項(xiàng)目的示范和指導(dǎo)，馬來(lái)西亞還計(jì)劃與中國(guó)合作，在目前的巴生港附近建造第三個(gè)港口。馬來(lái)西亞表示，由于70％至80％的穿越馬六甲海峽的船只以中國(guó)為目的地，因此中國(guó)應(yīng)該參與該港口的計(jì)劃。</p><p

93、>　　中亞是土地絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的重要起點(diǎn)。 2016年2月底，烏茲別克斯坦Angren-Pop鐵路的Kamchiq隧道竣工。這條隧道長(zhǎng)達(dá)20公里，是中亞最長(zhǎng)的隧道。它將促進(jìn)中國(guó)與中亞之間的連通性。中國(guó)與俄羅斯就長(zhǎng)達(dá)770公里的莫斯科 - 喀山高速鐵路項(xiàng)目達(dá)成了進(jìn)一步協(xié)議，中國(guó)將直接投資62億美元。</p><p>　　南亞是“一帶一路”倡議的主要發(fā)展區(qū)域。中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊正在順利推進(jìn)。 2016年11月13日，

94、瓜達(dá)爾港正式投入運(yùn)營(yíng)。中遠(yuǎn)集團(tuán)的“惠靈頓”號(hào)貨船始于新建的瓜達(dá)爾港，并將貨物從新疆喀什地區(qū)運(yùn)往中東和非洲。在歐洲，連通性項(xiàng)目也取得了很大進(jìn)展。中遠(yuǎn)集團(tuán)在希臘比雷埃夫斯港的投資計(jì)劃曾經(jīng)遇到過(guò)很多政治困難。 2016年4月，中遠(yuǎn)海運(yùn)集團(tuán)與希臘發(fā)展基金正式簽署了比雷埃夫斯港口管理機(jī)構(gòu)股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議及股東協(xié)議，標(biāo)志著集團(tuán)購(gòu)買(mǎi)比雷埃夫斯港67％的股權(quán)，取得了里程碑式的進(jìn)展。 2016年11月5日，匈牙利 - 塞爾維亞鐵路簽訂了業(yè)務(wù)協(xié)議。</p

95、><p>　　在非洲，亞的斯亞貝巴 - 吉布提鐵路采用中國(guó)設(shè)備建造，符合中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，于2016年10月5日投入運(yùn)營(yíng)。</p><p>　　“一帶一路”倡議的主要特點(diǎn)和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　2.1本地企業(yè)開(kāi)始占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位</p><p>　　地方企業(yè)在海外投資中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶沿線(xiàn)省市積極投資海外。 2016年全年，本地企業(yè)共計(jì)<

96、;/p><p>　　海外直接投資1487.2億美元，占中國(guó)海外直接投資總額的百分比從2015年的66.7％增加到87.4％。在投資方面，來(lái)自長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶沿線(xiàn)省市的企業(yè)做了一個(gè)海外直接投資總額為604.6億美元，約占中國(guó)對(duì)外直接投資總額的35.5％。上海市，浙江省和江蘇省的直接投資分別為251.3億美元，131.6億美元和109.4億美元，分別位于各省市投資排名的第1，第5和第7位。中國(guó).22經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)企業(yè)對(duì)“一帶一路

97、”沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家投資的熱情正在迅速提升。 2015年，上海企業(yè)在“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家投資建立了74家實(shí)體，比上年增長(zhǎng)8％，即12.1％。投資額增加得更快。 2015年，上海企業(yè)在“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家共投資33.39億美元，增加30.33億美元，增長(zhǎng)9.9倍。特別是，租賃和商業(yè)服務(wù)業(yè)的投資增加了34倍.23</p><p>　　2.2私營(yíng)企業(yè)逐漸占據(jù)上風(fēng)</p><p>　　而在2006年，國(guó)有企

98、業(yè)占中國(guó)海外投資總額的81％，那么從2006年到2015年，國(guó)有企業(yè)在中國(guó)海外投資中的比例逐漸下降，非國(guó)有企業(yè)逐漸減少成為中國(guó)“走出去”戰(zhàn)略的重要力量，超越國(guó)有企業(yè)（詳見(jiàn)下表）。民營(yíng)企業(yè)參與“一帶一路”建設(shè)的首選方式是在“一帶一路”沿線(xiàn)國(guó)家建設(shè)工業(yè)園區(qū)，使企業(yè)能夠“走出去”成為一個(gè)整體。那些實(shí)力較強(qiáng)的民營(yíng)企業(yè)通過(guò)投資建設(shè)海外工業(yè)園區(qū)引領(lǐng)“走出去”，讓更多的企業(yè)能夠跟隨“走出去”群體，參與“一帶一路”建設(shè)。截至2016年11月，中國(guó)企業(yè)在